There could be some of Dragon's comrades in the revolutionary army who become important figures in Luffy's upbringing. For example, a veteran revolutionary who teaches Luffy about the history of the world and the wrongdoings of the World Government.
There could be a Suna ninja who becomes Naruto's mentor. This ninja might have a special skill in using sand and wind chakra together and teaches Naruto how to control his own chakra better in the Suna environment. Another potential character could be a young Suna girl who befriends Naruto and shows him the ropes of living in Suna, like where to find the best oasis for water.
Perhaps a wise old hermit. This character could live on an island that Luffy lands on during the time skip. The hermit has knowledge of the Void Century and can give Luffy some crucial hints about the true nature of the One Piece and the history of the world. His wisdom could also help Luffy grow as a leader.
One potential character could be an old friend of Luffy's mother from her celestial dragon days. This friend might have different views now and could either help or hinder Luffy depending on their own motives. Another could be a servant who knew about Luffy's mother's secrets and has been waiting for the right time to reveal them to Luffy.
Well, a plotline might involve Luffy being trained in stealth and strategic planning by Dragon. This would add a new dimension to his character as he usually just charges head - first. Also, there could be a story where Luffy has to keep his relationship with Dragon a secret from his crew at first, and the internal struggle he faces about that.
There could be new human characters as well. Maybe some mages from other guilds who are curious about Natsu's new status. They could either be allies or potential threats. And don't forget about the celestial spirits. Since Lucy is Natsu's friend, the celestial spirits might get involved in some way. They could offer their unique powers or knowledge to help Natsu in his new role as the dragon king.
One potential new ally could be a powerful pirate from the past. For instance, a pirate who was known for his great navigation skills. Luffy could use his help to explore uncharted seas more easily.
One potential new member could be a skilled archer from a forest - dwelling tribe. They have amazing accuracy and can use special arrows made from rare materials found only in their forest. Another could be a mermaid or merman with the ability to control water in unique ways, not just for combat but also for things like navigation and finding hidden treasures.
She'd probably be more serious. Canon Luffy is carefree and naive in a lot of ways. But Fem Luffy raised by Dragon would likely be more cautious and calculating, having grown up around a revolutionary. She might not be as quick to trust strangers.
In a Fem Luffy raised by Dragon fanfiction, she could inherit some of Dragon's mysterious abilities. Dragon seems to have some sort of weather - related powers, and Fem Luffy might develop her own version of these powers. Her journey to become the Pirate King would also be different. Instead of just having the simple dream of freedom like the original Luffy, she might be aiming for a more complex goal of creating a new world order while still being a pirate. And her character might be a bit more brooding and less carefree as she has been brought up in a more intense environment.
The Yonko would definitely be major antagonists. Since Luffy is in the New World, the likes of Kaido or Big Mom would be natural choices. Their vast power and influence would pose a great threat to Luffy and his crew.