A brief account of Lu Xun's literary criticism

The history of literary criticism could be traced back to the ancient Greek period, which mainly involved the evaluation of the form, content, and author's personality of literary works. In ancient Rome, critics began to pay attention to the impact of literary works on society and human life. During the Middle Ages, critics began to combine literary criticism with other disciplines such as philosophy, history, and philology. During the Renaissance, literary critics began to emphasize the creativity of literary works and the individual talent of the author. In the 19th century, critics began to pay attention to the ideology and political significance of literary works. In the latter half of the 20th century, critics began to pay attention to the cultural and social significance of literary works. The development of modern literary criticism has gone through many changes and challenges, but at the same time, it has also made many achievements.

The Lu Xun Crisis referred to the Chinese literature from 1926 to 1928. During this period, Lu Xun was persecuted, the copyright and ownership of his works were violated, and his health was seriously affected. Lu Xun's disturbance stemmed from his works 'concern and criticism of the social reality of China at that time. At that time, feudalism and bureaucratic-capitalist rule in Chinese society made society dark and the people suffer. Lu Xun's works expressed his dissatisfaction and protest against these phenomena. However, due to the sensitivity of Lu Xun's works, his thoughts and literary style also aroused the dissatisfaction of the political rulers at that time, so Lu Xun's works were severely suppressed and persecuted. During the Lu Xun incident, his health was very poor. He had been treated many times, but he still could not get rid of the influence of political repression. During this period, Lu Xun was forced to go into exile overseas, and some of his works were also forced to be interrupted, making his contribution to the cause of Chinese literature unable to be fully displayed and displayed. Lu Xun's disturbance was an important event in the history of Chinese literature. It had a profound impact on Lu Xun and the development of Chinese literature.

Lu Xun's literary criticism advocated against the criticism of facts and metaphysics. Fact-based criticism refers to a specific analysis and description of the shortcomings or shortcomings of a specific work or character, not involving the overall evaluation of the work or character. Metaphysical criticism, on the other hand, refers to the general evaluation of works or characters from one-sided and isolated problems without specific analysis and practical basis. Lu Xun believed that the matter-of-fact-style criticism was easy to fall into trivial details and could not dig into the inner meaning and value of the works; while the metaphysical criticism was easy to ignore the overall background and context of the works or characters, resulting in a one-sided understanding and evaluation of the works or characters. Therefore, Lu Xun advocated a comprehensive, comprehensive, and in-depth criticism of works or characters, opposing a single, partial criticism.

Bachtin (1899 - 1975) was a famous German literary critic. His theory of literary criticism was called "the psychology of literary criticism" or "cultural psychology". It mainly focused on the nature, function and purpose of human culture, art and literature. Bachtin believed that works of art were an important part of human culture, the expression and summary of human social experience. He believed that the creators of works of art were certain people in human society who expressed their inner world, values, and beliefs in a specific way. The form and content of a work of art reflect the creator's culture, history, and social environment, as well as the variety and complexity of human culture. Bachtin believed that literary criticism should study the nature, function and purpose of art works from the perspective of psychology. He emphasized that works of art should be viewed as a psychological phenomenon rather than as simple visual or auditory objects. Literature criticism should start from the psychological needs of people to explore the cultural significance and human experience behind the works of art. Bachtin's theory of literary criticism had a profound impact on the later literary criticism and research, especially in the fields of cultural psychology, art philosophy and cultural studies.

Lu Xun (September 25, 1881-October 19, 1936) was an important figure in modern Chinese literature and was hailed as one of the founders of modern Chinese literature. His representative works include the novel "Madman's Diary","The True Story of Ah Q","New Stories", etc. These works have had a profound impact on the development of modern Chinese literature and thought. Lu Xun's works had a strong sense of realism and democratism with the theme of criticizing and revealing social reality. His masterpiece, Diary of a Madman, revealed the darkness and distortion of Chinese society at that time through a crazy and absurd story, which became a classic work of modern Chinese literature. Lu Xun's works also deeply reflected the social, political, and cultural environment at that time, which had an important impact on the process of Chinese society's modernisation. His thoughts and literary achievements had a far-reaching impact on the development of the history of Chinese literature and ideology.

Lu Xun was one of the important representatives of modern Chinese literature. He fully realized the importance of literary criticism and vigorously emphasized literary form criticism. He believed that the form and structure of literary works were their essential characteristics and the embodiment of literary value. In Lu Xun's literary criticism, he emphasized the form and structure of the novel, such as the plot, the creation of characters, the use of language, etc. He believed that these form elements could affect the readers 'acceptance and feelings, thus determining the value and significance of the novel. Lu Xun's literary criticism played an important role in the development and promotion of modern Chinese literature.

Lu Xun's novels often explored the complexity of human nature and the profoundness of social problems. Three tragic forms were often used by him: 1. Lonely Tragedy: The protagonist is isolated and helpless in society, unable to share the joy and pain of life with others, often falling into loneliness and despair. 2. Tragedy of death: the protagonist's life is threatened or the safety of his life is threatened, and he finally dies for some reason. This death is often an inevitable fate. Tragedy of human nature: Through the protagonist's fate, the novel explored the complexity and defects of human nature, revealing the dark side and evil of human nature, and finally made people realize the ugliness and shortcomings of human nature.

Lu Xun was an important figure in the history of China literature in the 20th century. His works deeply reflected the social and cultural reality of that time and had a profound impact on modern China literature and thought. His masterpieces included the novels Diary of a Madman, The True Story of Ah Q, Medicine, etc. These works revealed the darkness of feudal society and the distortion of human nature by depicting the psychological state of the protagonist and social reality, becoming the classics of modern China literature. At the same time, Lu Xun also paid attention to the social problems of the society at that time and put forward many profound thoughts and opinions, such as "Kong Yiji","Lu Xun is a true humanist","literature is a kind of humanism", etc., which made important contributions to the development of China literature and thought.

Modern literary theory and criticism originated from the early 20th century. It was a method of literary criticism aimed at exploring the nature and laws of literary creation by analyzing the language, structure, theme, plot, and other elements in literary works. Modern literary theory criticism mainly includes the following aspects: 1. Language analysis theory and criticism: mainly studies the use of language and rhetoric in literary works to explore the charm of language and the relationship between language and thinking. 2. structural criticism: mainly studies the structural arrangement and layout of literary works, and probes into the influence and function of structure on literary works. 3. Thematic criticism: It mainly studies the theme and meaning of literary works. It probes into the relationship between theme and plot, language, and the influence of theme on literary works. 4. Plot criticism: It mainly studies the plot arrangement and turning point of literary works. It probes into the relationship between plot and theme, language, and the influence of plot on literary works. 5. Cultural criticism: It mainly studies the cultural environment and social background of literary works, and probes into the influence and role of cultural factors on literary works. The development of modern literary theory and criticism has gone through many stages, from the initial single theory criticism to comprehensive theory criticism, from traditional literary criticism to modern literary criticism, from static analysis to dynamic analysis. Modern literary theory and criticism provided a more in-depth and comprehensive theoretical support for literary creation and promoted the development and prosperity of literature.

The history of modern Chinese literature is a controversial and diverse field. The following are the criticisms of each period: 1. The New Culture Movement period: The critics believed that the Chinese literature during the New Culture Movement betrayed the traditional culture and advocated the new trend of thought. The critics also believed that the literary creation of this period lacked depth and content, and that the pursuit of form and technique ignored the exploration of human nature and social reality. 2. Realist period: The critics believed that the Chinese literature in the Realist period paid too much attention to the plot and the description of the characters, ignoring the description of history and social reality. The critics also believed that the literary creation of this period lacked artistry and innovation, and was highly repetitive. 3. Modern period: The critics believed that the Chinese literature in the modern period was too focused on expressing personal feelings and inner experiences, ignoring the criticism and reflection of history and social reality. The critics also believed that the literary creation of this period lacked depth and breadth, and was too narrow and limited. 4. The period of contemporary literature: The critics believe that the Chinese literature in the period of contemporary literature pays too much attention to literary forms and techniques and neglects the deep exploration of human nature and social reality. The critics also thought that the literary creation of this period lacked depth and content, and was too frivolous and superficial. The above are just some of the critical points of view. The history of modern Chinese literature is a complex and diverse field.