Ottoman History (Bureaucracy and Govt. System)
In Ottoman Empire, the royal government will usually led by the Sultan of the Osman Dynasty. Then, it will have its own ministries. Which below are the mentioned one :
1. Sadrazam or Grand Vizier = The ministries in charge after the Sultan. Technically acted as prime minister in current system.
2. Defterdar or Minister of Finance = Managing finance matters and treasury of the Ottoman Empire. There were often multiple Defterdars for different regions, including the European and Anatolian provinces.
3. Nişancı or Keeper of the Seal = Responsible for the imperial seal and official documents, including decrees and land registrations. Played a key role in drafting and finalizing laws.
4. Reisülküttab or Head of Imperial Chancellery = Handle diplomacy and correspondence with foreign powers
5. Kazasker or Military Judiciary = Oversaw legal and judicial matters for European Rumeli and Anatolian provinces
6. Kaptan-ı Derya or Grand Admiral = Head of navy & naval affairs. Also took charge in shipbuilding, naval logistics and maritime defenses.
7. Yeniçeri Ağası or Commander of the Janissaries = Leader of Janissary corps, elite military units. Though handle army, this role usually had significant political influence.
8. Sheikhul Islam = Head of religious affairs and Islamic Law.
Also, they have the system of Divan, similar like to the parliamentary sessions where the ministries will come to designated High Porte building, to have the discussion or parliamentary discussion. Its just the parliament term was not used for the empire. Just to make easy understanding.
Additionally, there's additional roles given.
Darphane Eminliği (Mint Directorate): Managed the production of currency and precious metals.
Tersane Eminliği (Arsenal or Dockyard Directorate): Oversaw shipbuilding and the maintenance of the navy.
Kapıkulu Ağası (Head of the Palace Guards): Responsible for palace security and the administration of the Kapıkulu troops (elite soldiers directly under the Sultan).
İhtisab Ağası (Market Inspector): Supervised market regulations, taxes, and trade in urban areas.
Beylerbeyis and Sanjakbeys (Provincial Governors): Though not part of the central government, these governors managed provinces under the Sultan's authority.
Darüssaade Ağası (Chief of the Palace Eunuchs): Managed the internal affairs of the Topkapi Palace, including the Sultan's harem.
Evkaf Eminliği (Directorate of Religious Endowments): Administered waqf (charitable endowments) properties and income.
Mevkufatçı (Minister of Arrests): Supervised state prisoners and their legal proceedings.
These mentioned, were the ones that also involved in everyday's duty.
PS : Depend on situations, it can be updated.
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