章節 16: The Pitcher's Pitch
Among various sports competitions, baseball has always been a sport that has attracted considerable attention and created huge business opportunities. The most emotionally charged part of baseball.
Apart from the beauty of the players, most of the attention is on the duel between pitchers and batters. In order to solve the batter, the pitcher will throw a variety of changing balls with different trajectories to gain an advantage, which has also become the origin of the rise of baseball aerodynamics!
Among the scientific theories of a pitcher's pitch! When discussing the theories of aerodynamics related to baseball, the following two theories must be discussed: Bernoulli's principle and Boundary Layer theory. This article will focus on introducing the content and application of boundary layer theory.
The content of the boundary layer theory is to discuss that when the fluid flows through the object, the speed will drop due to the surface friction, and the range of the drop from the original speed is called the "boundary layer".
According to the boundary layer theory, when the pressure of the airflow increases, counterflow will occur due to the pressure drop. When reverse flow is sufficient to push airflow away from the boundary layer, it is called "boundary layer separation". Boundary layer separation creates an unstable flow of air known as a "wake".
The aerodynamics of baseball needs to consider another important key, which is the seam on the ball, so the well-known 2-seam and 4-seam balls are derived. The seams on the sphere will cause the separation point of the boundary layer to move forward or backward, which will affect the lifting force, lateral force and resistance on the sphere, and the trajectory of the sphere will also change accordingly.
During the travel of the sphere, in addition to gravity, it will also be affected by resistance and Magnus force. Resistance refers to the force acting in the opposite direction to the trajectory of the sphere, and Magnus force refers to the lateral force on the sphere caused by the separation of the boundary layer when the sphere rotates, causing the direction of the wake to change, causing the sphere to drift.
Using the knowledge of aerodynamics, a pitcher can throw a variety of different ball paths through different grip directions, rotation methods, and force application directions.
According to the above, we can roughly see the following types of balls in baseball games:
The first type of 4-seam fastball: put the index finger and middle finger on the seam, the thumb directly below, and buckle the fingers down when throwing to make the ball spin inward. Under the force synthesis, the ball will produce a displacement to the lower right corner. American baseball strikeout record holder Nolan Ryan (Ryan), Chicago Cubs pitcher Michael Bowden (Michael Bowden).
The second kind of Carter ball: the index finger and middle finger are held at the narrowest part of the seam, and the fingers are deviated from the center to throw a fastball with a deflected ball path. Under the influence of the force, the ball will drift to the lower left corner. Players who use this ball include the patron saint of the Yankees, Mariano Rivera, Andy Pettitte, and Darvish.
The third type of sinker: the fingering method is similar to the 2-seam fastball, the index finger and middle finger are placed at the narrowest place of the suture, and the index finger exerts more force, resulting in a greater lateral movement and sinking. Halladay (Roy), who has won the Cy Young Award in both the American League and the National League, is also quite good at this game.
The fourth type of two-seam fastball: The pitcher holds the ball and finds the place where the two seams are closest, then places the seam perpendicular to the body, and then places the index finger and middle finger on the seam respectively, and it is from fingertip to The root of the finger is almost always attached to the suture. The thumb is placed under the ball, approximately halfway between the index and middle fingers, and approximately touching the top of the horseshoe-shaped portion of the suture. This area from the side to the middle of the first joint of the thumb must be placed on the suture
The fifth type of sliding ball: place the index finger and middle finger on the outside of the ball, turn the palm slightly to the side, and buckle the fingers down when releasing the ball. Produces a displacement that falls rapidly to the outside. Famous slider pitchers have the strikeout record holder Randy Johnson (Randy Johnson).
Sixth Curveball: The palm is turned completely to the side, and the fingers rotate forward when the ball is thrown. The curveball is the granddaddy of all changeups and is usually the first changeup pitchers learn. The 2007 American League winning pitcher Beckett (Josh Backett), the Dodgers' ace pitcher Clayton, Ke Cut. They all use this kind of ball to defeat the enemy and win.
The seventh finger ball: spread the index finger and middle finger apart, clamp the two sides of the ball, hold the bottom of the ball with the thumb, reduce the speed of the ball, and bring about a larger sinking. The Japanese call this ball "the last magic ball of the 20th century." The most representative figure of this pitch is Hero Nomo, who is famous in the baseball world for his tornado throwing method. In addition, Roger Clemens (Roger Clemens), who came back again in 2012,
The eighth type of change-up ball: the index finger and the thumb form a circle, and then use the remaining 3 fingers to hold the ball and throw the fast ball. However, due to the reduced speed of the ball, the effect of fingering the ball appears. Yoo Hyun Jin in South Korea,
The ninth type of butterfly ball: butterfly ball, knuckle ball, etc., is a special pitch for baseball pitchers. The reason why the pinball is called a butterfly ball is because its trajectory is erratic like a butterfly flying, and sometimes it is difficult for even the catcher to catch it. There are a variety of grips for this particular changeup, with some pitchers curling their fingers up and resting their nails on the ball, while others dunk the ball with their fingertips and hold the ball with the rest of their fingers. When throwing a ball, you don't have to swing your arms very hard, and you mainly rely on the elasticity of your fingers to pop the ball out when you straighten it, so it is called a flick ball. Because the popped ball hardly spins, it will generate quite a lot of turbulence. Therefore, it is unpredictable where the ball will fly, just like a flying butterfly, hence the name butterfly ball.
In Wang Peng's technical high school team: there are 7 pitchers, and everyone generally receives American baseball education. So, butterfly ball, this kind of ball that few people practice. That is to say, I have never seen the fork ball! Because in the United States, there are not many people who practice fingerball. But I heard that in the book, it is a very common change ball! Therefore, Wang Peng is staring at the pitcher to throw change balls every day these days.
Wang Peng, who watched it every day, felt dizzy. In addition, each pitcher's ball type and the trajectory of the ball after the shot are not the same. For individual pitchers, the trajectory of the pitched ball has the same changes as other pitches, and the changes before hitting the bases are the same for each pitcher! ! Wang Peng is a little confused...
Even if it is the same grip, watching the pitcher show the pitching grip, but before the home plate.
The hit points of the ball are not nearly the same either. Because everyone is different in terms of height, arm length, finger length, hand size, strength, throwing action, shooting point, and even the distance of steps taken when throwing the ball, and the height of leg lifts are all different! ! Pitchers are roughly divided into: upper shoulder, side shoulder, and lower shoulder. These three categories!
When a pitcher throws the ball, most of the strength is by kicking the ground, twisting the waist, and finally pinching the ball with the fingers.
What Coach Span taught Wang Peng is the common upper-shoulder throwing method: from kicking the ground, the legs can be slightly bent to exert force when kicking the ground, and then the body is turned slightly backwards, and the hips are pushed out towards the catcher first. Then use your legs to send your body towards the catcher. Pay attention to the foot that is stepping forward and step on it firmly after landing. The toes point to the direction of the pitch. Do not rotate left and right, and the two feet are on the same straight line as the catcher.
From the perspective of twisting the waist, when raising the foot to prepare to throw the ball, the body can turn back a little more, and then pay attention to the rhythm when throwing the ball. Personally, I recommend taking a deep breath before holding the breath and throwing the ball. Pay attention to the timing of the waist twisting. Turn around while stretching forward, then the left hand (usually the hand holding the glove) is opened to the chest, bringing a force of rotation and twisting to the body (you can imagine holding a person and then falling over) It is best to turn the body to the full front and face the pitching direction, but there may be slight differences depending on the shooting habits of different people. After the body is turned to the front and press forward, it feels like someone is pushing you behind you, pushing the shoulders out with the body
Finally, in terms of ball handling, every pitcher should be able to handle the ball. The ball thrown by a very NB person will give people a feeling of floating upwards (this is not anime or anime, it really exists...)
As for the control point, one is to rely on more practice and accumulation at ordinary times, and it will be fine when you feel the control point. The point and the state of the arm and wrist, and then keep the center of gravity stable when throwing the ball, and there should be no big changes in up, down, left, and right, so the foot that is stretched out must be firmly nailed to the ground.
At the same time, pay attention to: 1. Do not lean your body to the left when throwing the ball (right throwing), because this will cause your power to disperse to the left, so pressing your body forward when throwing the ball can effectively avoid this situation. Good posture is T-shape
2. (Only for the overhand throwing posture, because I am the overhand) When throwing the ball, the elbow must be higher than the shoulder, and then the elbow comes out first after the body is turned around, and the elbow is sent forward, do not press down, the elbow joint It is not advisable to clamp too tightly or hit too wide, otherwise you have to twist the arm at the end of the shot, which will cause the dispersion of strength and the instability of the control point
3. Step on the stretched foot firmly and point to the direction of the pitch
4. Relax the body when throwing the ball, because the more tense the body is, the more energy is expended on the body when the body is in motion
I also gave Wang Peng some advice from his own personal experience. No matter how much others say, he has to think about it himself, find the most suitable posture and feeling, and don't blindly listen to other people's words and change his pitching action. Yes, and then when practicing shooting, you should focus on the control point. After the control point is stable, add the ball speed little by little.
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