章節 1344: Chapter 1344: A Gold Mine Worth Trillions of Dollars
Regarding the move against Australia, Xia Yu handed it over to the three major funds, namely Bridgewater, Tiger and Bright Funds.
The first two are responsible for the charge, stirring up the financial sector, while Bright Fund is responsible for the later harvest of physical assets.
Australia is a member of the British Commonwealth, so Guangming Fund is a better choice than Xia Yu's other companies to reap the assets.
For local Australian capital, this is an attack from a consortium in the mother country, so local capital will definitely be on its guard and resistant, but the resistance will definitely be lower than if other companies were used.
Although Guangming Fund is responsible for reaping the assets later, the difficulty of the operation is the greatest, so Guangming Fund has long since been laying the groundwork through the huge financial system.
The first phase of the operation is simple: short selling bets against the listed companies of the Sydney consortium, while leaving the companies of other consortia alone. Of course, this does not apply to companies with cross-shareholdings, which are just unlucky.
This is also done to increase the success rate and avoid enraging everyone.
The Bright Fund has no problem taking on the Sydney consortium alone, but if it is besieged by the three major Australian consortia, plus the Rothschild family, who may assist at any time, and the opponents also have the advantage of fighting on home soil, even with the help of Bridgewater and Tiger funds, the risk is extremely high.
The direction in which Tiger Fund and Bridgewater Fund moved was to start with the exchange rate and then expand to the stock market and futures market.
It can be said to be similar to the actions against Canada.
The difference is that the attack on Canada was because Canada itself had major problems, with the US consortium taking the lead externally and the boss Xia Yu taking action internally, and Tiger Fund and Bridgewater Fund could only be considered the main players in the later stages.
However, in attacking Australia, they were completely the main force, from beginning to end. This is a fight of hard power!
Moreover, the situation in Australia itself was far less critical than in Canada. It was extremely difficult to force the Australian exchange rate to collapse.
Fortunately, after the big success in Canada, Tiger Fund and Bridgewater Fund were highly sought after by investors, and their capital reached more than 10 billion US dollars.
This gave Julian Robertson and Ray Dalio the confidence to jointly attack a country.
And this country is the eleventh largest in the world, with a gross national product of more than 190 billion US dollars, which is more than half of Canada's, which is in seventh place.
Of course, the reason they were able to attack the exchange rate was also thanks to Australia itself opening the door, and it has been less than a year since then.
On 12 December 1983, Australia abolished the managed floating exchange rate of the Australian dollar pegged to a basket of trade-weighted currencies and implemented a freely floating exchange rate, and Australia also abolished all controls.
It's just that in the past year, no company has had the nerve to attack a developed country like Australia.
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'You plan to invest 3 billion US dollars in the first phase, and I'm investing 3.5 billion US dollars, which adds up to 6.5 billion US dollars, all of which is direct principal investment. If we start from the foreign exchange market, the Australian government will still have some ability to resist,'
Julian Robertson said to Ray Dalio after a long time, after both men had finished reading each other's action plans.
As for why the principal had to be used in the first phase without leverage, the two men agreed on this point and simply skipped over it.
Ray Dalio thought for a moment and said, 'Then I will add another 500 million US dollars, and we will raise 7 billion US dollars between us. Just between us, this is enough to crash the Australian dollar exchange rate.'
'At present, the Australian central bank's foreign exchange reserves only amount to 6.89 billion US dollars. We have more funds than they do, and if we attack the market with all our strength, the Australian government will not be able to withstand it.'
'Unless other Australian banks and banks from other countries provide support, or the Australian government borrows from abroad.'
'With our influence, once international hot money follows suit, the Australian dollar exchange rate definitely won't be able to hold!'
Julian Robertson had also considered this, but compared to Ray Dalio, his investment philosophy was relatively prudent, which was both a strength and a weakness, depending on the situation.
After a moment's thought, he continued, 'The Tiger Fund has assets under management of 13.54 billion US dollars. What about Bridgewater?'
They were all on the same team, so he could divulge this confidential figure: "Mine is a little less than yours, at 13.38 billion US dollars," said Ray Dalio.
Together, the two funds had assets under management of nearly 27 billion US dollars!
This was not far off the assets of Australia's fourth largest bank, the Commonwealth Bank of Australia.
More importantly, the assets of hedge funds can be easily converted into capital, with a very high liquidity rate, far surpassing that of banks.
'OK, I've already made an asset liquidation plan on my end and am speeding up the return of capital.'
'We're fine in the big picture, but in terms of the details, further research is needed. For example, the minimum exchange rate harvesting line. The current exchange rate is around 0.90, and I suggest we can suppress the exchange rate to around 0.65 before harvesting.'
'0.65 is too high, we can definitely hit around 0.60 and then switch battlefields.'
...
That night, the two agreed on the general direction, and then spent the next two days perfecting the plan, after which a steady stream of funds began to enter the Australian foreign exchange market.
Xia Yu, for his part, finally combined the 'Global Oilfield and Mineral Resources Distribution Report' to fully activate his golden finger, listing a large number of mines and oil resource points.
He couldn't remember the smaller resource points, and they weren't well-known.
What he could remember were the large mines and oil fields. For example, an oil field was only considered large if it had a reserve of more than 500 million barrels.
He couldn't remember, and it didn't matter, if the reserve was less than 500 million barrels.
As for gold mines, very few super-large gold mines had been discovered in later generations, but there were quite a few that had not yet been fully discovered.
For example, the Grasberg gold mine in Indonesia, which is actually the Grasberg gold and copper mine, has not yet discovered all of its gold. Located near Puncak Jaya in Mimika Regency, Papua Province, Indonesia, it has been mined as a copper mine since 1936. It belongs to the American Freeport McMoRan Group, which holds a 90.64% stake in the mine, while the Indonesian government only holds a 9.36% stake.
In fact, it was not until 1988 that large amounts of gold were discovered in this Grasberg gold and copper mine. In the future, it will be the world's largest gold mine. The top three valuable minerals are gold reserves of 3,451 tons, copper reserves of 39.317 million tons, and silver reserves of 18,762 tons.
Even with the copper deposits included, the Grasberg Gold and Copper Mine has only been explored to less than half of its full potential. Xia Yu directly marked it for acquisition by the US Freeport-McMoRan Group, and compared to the value of the gold mine, the price of acquiring this company is absolutely a bargain.
Then there is the Olympic Dam Mine in Australia, the world's second largest gold mine and fourth largest copper mine. Located in Adelaide, South Australia, it is a giant copper-gold-uranium-silver deposit. So far, 1,200 tons of gold and 30 million tons of copper have been discovered here since it was discovered in 1975.
In fact, the Olympic Dam Mine has 1 million tons of uranium, 78.77 million tons of copper, 13,483 tons of silver and 3,048 tons of gold. The current proven reserves have not even reached half of this, and the acquisition value is extremely high.
Next is the Pogo gold mine in Alaska, USA, which is now the world's third largest gold mine. At this time, no gold had been discovered in the mine, and it was not until the 21st century that it was discovered by Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. The mine has gold reserves of 2,792 tons, copper reserves of 32.39 million tons, and molybdenum reserves of 1.995 million tons.
In the field of gold mines, Xia Yu also listed some super-large gold mines. If all these gold mines were obtained, the reserves would definitely exceed 20,000 tons, and their value would exceed one trillion US dollars in the future, making Blue Star Mining the world's gold overlord.
In the field of diamond mines, Canada, the world's top producer, did not have any diamond mines worth mining at this time. Xia Yu quickly circled the four major diamond mines in Canada.
They are the Canadian Diamond Mine, the Canadian Ekati Diamond Mine, the Canadian Kakiu Diamond Mine, and the Canadian Snap Lake Diamond Mine. Once he had secured the four mines, he would be able to rival De Beers.
In order to surpass De Beers, Xia Yu also identified large mines such as the Catoca Diamond Mine in Angola and the Venetia Diamond Mine in South Africa.
As for iron ore, Xia Yu identified Roy Hill, Australia's future fourth largest mine, located about 115 kilometres north of Newman in the Pilbara mining area of Western Australia, and about 340 kilometres southeast of Port Hedland, Western Australia. It has total reserves of up to 4.5 billion tons, and the phosphorus content of the ore powder is as low as 0.04%, making it Australia's very high-quality iron ore.
Then there are other iron ore mines, which, when added together, have total reserves of 10 billion tons, enough to make it the number one in the world.
The most important thing is the oil field.
A large number of undiscovered or greatly undervalued oil fields have been found.
For example, the Azadegan oil field on the border between Iran and Iraq has 42 billion barrels of crude oil reserves.
The Ribeira oil field in Brazil, the world's largest offshore oil field, is a light oil of excellent quality, with oil reserves of between 26 billion and 42 billion barrels.
In Venezuela's Orinoco heavy oil belt, 4.3 billion barrels of oil reserves were only detected the year before last, but the actual reserves have reached more than 35.7 billion barrels, accounting for 75% of Venezuela's total oil reserves.
Argentina's Vaca Muerta oilfield is located in the Neuquén Basin in southern Argentina, with proven reserves of 16 billion to 22 billion barrels of oil.
The West Qurna oil field in Iraq has proven reserves of 10 billion to 15 billion barrels.
The Chicontepec oil field in Mexico, located in the state of Veracruz in eastern Mexico, has reserves of 139 billion barrels. Unfortunately, however, it is heavy oil, which is more difficult and more expensive to extract, but can be used as a reserve in the future.
The Kashagan oilfield in Kazakhstan is located in the northern Caspian Sea, about 50 miles southeast of Atyrau City, Kazakhstan, with total oil reserves of more than 35 billion barrels.
...
The Barracuda oilfield in Brazil is located in the central and southern parts of the Campos Basin, with oil reserves of 2.25 billion barrels.
The Cuyiana-Cuchiapanga complex oilfield in Colombia has oil reserves of 2 billion barrels and natural gas reserves of more than 850 billion cubic meters.
The Colombian oil and gas field of Borcan-Florina-Pauto Sur has oil reserves of 1 billion barrels and natural gas reserves of over 283.1 billion cubic metres.
The Orhos oil field in Algeria is the country's second largest oil field with total reserves of 1 billion barrels.
The Zingombé oil field in Angola, a large deepwater oil field, has 2 billion barrels of oil reserves.
The Masira oil field in the Republic of Yemen has more than 1 billion barrels of oil reserves.
The Alif oil field in the Republic of Yemen, in the Marib-Jauf basin, has more than 500 million barrels of oil reserves.
The reserves of these oil fields combined total 500 billion barrels, and even if a portion of the cake has to be given to local oil companies later, at least 350 billion barrels of reserves can be accounted for.
This oil reserve is enough to beat Saudi Aramco and become the world's number one, and OPEC will have to look up to it.
In terms of energy, there is also coal and natural gas, except that natural gas is basically symbiotic with oil fields. As long as these oil fields are taken over, natural gas reserves can also become the world's number one.
In terms of coal, it is the San Juan Basin in the western United States that is being targeted. The proven coal reserves in this basin in 1998 were 350 billion cubic meters, accounting for about 7.4% of the total dry gas reserves in the United States.
...
Apart from a small proportion of these minerals and resources that have now been initially discovered and are greatly undervalued, the vast majority of the rest have yet to be discovered.
The major expenses are instead the exploration expenses incurred during the geological exploration process, such as royalties for prospecting rights, geological surveys, physical and chemical exploration expenses, and unsuccessful exploratory wells.
Next are the exploration rights fees, the specific price of which varies from country to country and region to region.
For example, in the United States, if it is a super-popular oil-producing area, where competition is the fiercest, the local government will auction off the exploration rights to the area.
The exploration rights in more popular oil-producing areas cost about tens of dollars per square kilometre per year.
In some unpopular areas, where few people are interested, the exploration rights cost is extremely low, as low as a few dollars per square kilometre per year.
For each country, they do not make money by selling oil exploration rights. The bulk of the profits come from the discovery of oil fields, such as special royalties, investment-driven profits, taxes, etc.
They do not have the resources to explore aimlessly, and selling resource exploration rights is the safest way. Although it does not make the country rich overnight, it can ensure steady development, which is a win-win situation.
This is the biggest way to attract investment, and as long as the resources are not exhausted, it can generate income continuously and receive money while lying down.
After sorting it out, Xia Yu split up this little notebook of infinite value and gave it to Pacific Oil and Bluestar Mining.
And just to be on the safe side, these resources do not need to be explored first. The first thing to do is to get the land. First, take down all the exploration rights in the area where these resources are located. The contract must be signed for at least 30 years. This time is absolutely enough for exploration. Although the cost will be dozens of times higher, the cost of the exploration rights alone is not worth mentioning.
Then the second insurance is that only the presidents of Pacific Oil and Blue Star Mining have access to this book. All their family members will be taken over, and their bodyguards will all be arranged by the consortium, eliminating the possibility of them making mistakes.
As for the possible danger of anti-monopoly in the future, it is not too late to take the initiative to split up when the time is ripe later.
After getting the little book, Blue Star Mining and Pacific Oil quickly mobilised and began their path to dominance.
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