Chương 119: Happy New Year (October-December, 1923)
An important change brought about by the constitutional reform of the Russian Empire under Tsar Nicholas II during the final stages of the Russian civil war, was the rationalization of the system or principle that later became known as "One country, two systems."
What does this understanding refer to in the Russian administration?
When we speak of One country-Two systems, we refer to the agreement that exists between the Russian Empire proper, with the Grand Duchy of Finland.
Whereby one could argue that Finland is the only entity within the Russian Empire, which has true federal autonomy (while the rest of the Russian Empire remains a unitary country with some level of local decentralization).
Finland became part of the Russian Empire after the Finnish War (1808-1809) under Tsar Alexander I against Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden.
Until then Finland had almost always been a possession belonging to Sweden (with the Swedish king being the Grand Duke of Finland) and after the Russian victory in 1809, Finland was given certain privileges that did not exist in other parts of the Russian Empire at that time. epoch.
We mainly talk about the formation of the Senate of Finland (Suomen senaatti), made up of the Diet of Finland and the Supreme Court of Finland, headed by the Governor-General of Finland. Which would evolve towards more autonomy.
During the governments of Tsar Alexander II and Tsar Alexander III, Finland made remarkable intellectual, cultural, social, political and economic progress.
Unlike the rest of the portions of the Russian Empire, under the system of the Constitution of the Russian Empire, Finland was granted various privileges or rights:
* A local government of its own, different from other parts of the Russian Empire (the aforementioned Senate, the position of Governor-General, their own Supreme Court, etc).
* Own currency (the Finnish markka).
* Own postal system.
* Certain administrative / economic freedoms of your own.
* Some minor privileges within the Covenant of Nations.
Of course within certain particular limits as an educational, economic and military policy linked to that of the rest of the Russian Empire.
This gave rise to a very particular situation throughout the 20th century.
In earlier times Finns were considerably loyal as long as their autonomy was not threatened by the rest of the Russian Empire, but under Nicholas II the real possibility of Finnish independence died.
Not only because of the creation of the aforementioned constitutional principle of One Country, Two Systems, but also because Finland was considerably behind the Russian Empire proper.
Finland proper is about 338,455 square kilometers (130,678 sq mi), with a population that mainly gathered to the south (warmer than the north) and in 1923-1924 it gathered around 3,243,000 to 3,272,000 people.
* Unlike the rest of the Russian Empire, Finland carried out practically annual censuses or population accounts.
So if we take into account the 1920 census, Finland had just 1% of the population of the Russian Empire, a number that was going to decrease as the total population of the Russian Empire grew (with the inhabitants of Finland following a less pronounced growth than other groups in the Empire).
In modern times the population of the Grand Duchy of Finland represents less than 0.5% of the total population of the Russian Empire.
Another area in which Finland was lagging behind was the economy, with the Finnish markka being unable to compete with the Russian ruble due to the growth of the internal economy of the rest of the Russian Empire and Russia's economic relations with its sphere of influence ( the Russian Colonial Empire and the Covenant of Nations).
While there were and are notable Finnish companies and also important cultural products developed in Finland, these depended on their connections to the rest of the Russian Empire and the Russian sphere to function properly.
We speak from the workers coming from the rest of the Empire (a workers pool much more massive than in Finland), to national plans from the Russian government, to the resources coming from the colonies or allied countries, and other many aspects.
In short, Finland's success depended heavily on the rest of the Russian Empire and the influence-allies built by it.
So there was some fear that Finnish autonomy would eventually come undone, but there wasn't much that the Finns could really do.
Fortunately as long as Finland did not attempt to rock the boat or incidents occurred, the central government in Moscow was willing to let them continue their autonomy.
For this and other reasons, relations between Moscow and Helsinki during the rule of Tsar Nicholas II and various Premieres were remarkably good.
It also helped that Tsar Nicholas II and Moscow had a particular figure serving as the Governor-General of Finland (in essence, the emperor's representative in the Finnish government), Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim.
Outside of his military work in Scandinavia and the Baltic during World War III, Mannerheim is largely unknown outside of Finland-Russia, and could be considered just another one of the Moscow Kremlin's assets.
But this would be to underestimate several of Mannerheim's developments as Governor-General (which he held until his death in 1951).
Mannerheim ensured important economic and infrastructure developments in Finland (the Finnish welfare state and modernization), the maintenance of autonomy and political order, and important cultural developments in cooperation with Moscow.
But we cannot understand this without understanding Finnish politics.
The internal politics of the Russian Empire is very diverse due to numerous parties and regions with different material conditions, Finland is no exception.
During the Russian civil war, martial law was also present in Mannerheim's Finland, ending most of the minor political parties.
Leaving a new particular scenario (which would develop more in future elections, after 1925).
Finnish politics after the Russian Civil War were mainly dominated by the following parties:
* The Social Democratic Party of Finland (Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue) or also known as Demarit.
* The National Coalition Party (Kansallinen Kokoomus).
* The Center Party (Suomen Keskusta), which began its life as the Agrarian League.
The SDP of Finland was a left party strongly influenced by the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party led by Iosif V. Stalin and associates.
As a consequence there were three main 'wings' within the party, the Stalinist wing (which followed Stalin's RSLPD doctrine), the Zinoviev wing (made up of allies of Grigory Zinoviev) and the moderate wing (Democratic Socialists and Left-Social Democrats who did not leave the party after it will increase the influence of the RSLDP).
With these ideas they obviously supported ideas similar to those of the dominant leftist politics in Moscow, such as a stay in favor of the Covenant of Nations, state intervention in economic affairs, various economic reforms, etc.
They evolved more after the death of Premier Stalin (separation from the SDP from the RSDLP).
After the de-facto SDP came under the influence of the RSDLP, its right-wing members left with the NCP or National Coalition Party.
A liberal-conservative party located in the center-right of the political spectrum. With characteristics that could be identified as "big tent" or "catch-all party" (various members with different ideologies).
This is a 'standard' party that was originally critical of the welfare reforms established by the SDP and the leftist forms promoted during the era of Tsar Nicholas II or Premier Stalin.
And finally there was the Agrarian League or Center Party, a strong party in the rural regions of the Grand Duchy of Finland, characterized by its support for the decentralization of government.
Although there was a more liberal-progressive wing and a conservative wing, the party holds 'humanitarian' ideas such as: "decentralization of power, human rights such as free will, free market (free and fair trade) and support to the small enterprises of Finland"
Which in later decades were transformed into support for educational reforms, the 'spirit of the land', environmentalism, the fight against poverty and 'peasant-like freedom'.
Which are more difficult concepts to define outside of a Finnish context.
All of these main Finnish parties were influenced to some extent by the thinking of Baron Mannerheim, which is a kind of 'national doctrine' in Finnish politics, promoting:
* "Always serve the country without selfish motives"
* "Work diligently"
* "Personal courage"
It sounds simple but the promotion of these values gave some renewal to the Finnish national-political identity after the Russian Civil War, and continues to influence modern Finnish politics within the Russian Empire.
This doctrine supported the formation of the 'popular fronts' of the Senate, where regardless of parties or ideology, Mannerheim was put in front of the different groups of the Finnish government (creating in theory at least, a quasi-unanimous government that should follow the support for the development of Finland regardless of ideologies or parties). As more parties were created or divided, Mannerheim's thinking remained, especially among the bureaucrats and soldiers.
Although of course, Mannerheim also had his problems when dealing with these parties (he was an unelected aristocrat, which caused tensions with the left, and the right had problems with him because of his relations with Stalin and the Moscow leftists), his promotion of 'values' over partisan ideology or politics still has some influence today.
Of course there were also minor movements or groups, such as the parties formed by the Swedish or Karelian population of the Grand Duchy (interested in sustaining cultural freedoms), some 'nationalists' (in the sense of greater independence or maintenance of the autonomy of Helsinki from Moscow more than separatism) and obviously a mixture of strangeness, like Georg Sigurd Wettenhovi-Aspa (whose pseudo-linguistic movement argued that the Finns descended from Ancient Egypt).
But they were never really important, aside from some popularity in some particular decades or minor elections.
Returning to the important groups, although they were influenced by the rest of the Russian Empire, had the peculiarity that they were always more 'progressive' than the rest of the Empire in some matters.
A difference that began to become more pronounced after 1953-1962, an example is how Finnish politics became much more open to the rights of the LGBT + community than the rest of the mainstream politics of Russia in recent times. Partly as a result of Finland's autonomy from the rest of the proper Empire.
The truth is that Finland did not have as brutal a clash as the rest of Russia with the Russian Civil War, but it was still affected by various events within the Russian Empire.
All the parties had to think about how they would fit Finland into the puzzle that was the Russian Empire, how it should be to modernize Finland and resolve their own internal conflicts, negotiate with Mannerheim and his cabinet, how to deal with the Russian Tsar and the Russian premier, etc.
What eventually evolved into various ideas such as internet voting (which was implemented for the first time in the Russian Empire within the Grand Duchy of Finland and later in Estonia, a region closely linked to Finland), the 'Finnish Welfare Model' ( based on the ideas of the welfare state in the rest of Russia, which later passed from Finland to the rest of Scandinavia), etc.
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Postcard from the Grand Duchy of Finland from 1907, it depicts national dances of the region.
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[Congress of Poland: Politics of a 'New' Poland]
Finland's transition after the Russian civil war was smooth, the transition from other regions was a bit more complicated, particularly the Polish Congress.
With martial law, Moscow had gotten rid of most 'nuisances' for national politics, leaving mostly useful or harmless elements. A decision that had its own particular consequences.
On November 6 of 1923, for example, there was an altercation between Polish 'ultra'-rightists with the National Democracy, the Polish socialists, loyalists and Russian-Jewish minorities.
The 'Krakow uprising', which was rather a VERY big street fight (better know in the Russian Empire as the Krakow Riot of 1923), is currently a turning point in the politics of the Congress of Poland (Polish territories of the Russian Empire) - Leaving 300 dead people, more than 100 seriously wounded and more than 70 police-army members dead or wounded.
The Krakow riot in 1923 marked a division between the Polish far right (which became known as the Ultra-right from the 1920s onwards, with 'ultra' meaning beyond the right) and the center-right of the National Democracy, led by Roman Dmowski.
Not only this, but also among other positions of Polish politics.
As can be the 'Loyalists' (opposed to the separatists or autonomists), and the Polish Left.
The Krakow Riot is insignificant on its own, rather it was a symptom of a historical division between an Old Poland and a New Poland within the Russian Empire.
Marked by various political movements:
Polish Left: The Polish left had a schism between two particular positions, most of them abandoned the idea of Polish independence but still had different ideas or positions about autonomy-decentralization and the position of Poland within the Russian Empire.
The Old Left, made up in particular of the Poles of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party and its subordinate parties within Poland.
This is the left associated with the RSLDP doctrine throughout Polish politics.
This Old Left was de-facto led by the Minister of the Interior, Felix Dzerzhinsky or "Iron Felix", who enjoyed great influence in the development of this Polish Old Left. Dzerzhinsky influenced through a particular ally, Feliks Yakovlevich Kon.
Kon in essence was the 'man of Moscow', but he argued that Poland would have a relevant position through cooperation with the rest of the empire (as Marchlewski argued: Only those who serve the interests of the international proletariat can serve the interests of Polish nationality).
The New Left (as opposed to the New Right in the rest of the Russian Empire proper).
The New Left was a group of left-wing parties that refused to follow the orders of the RSLDP under Premier Stalin, which led to two particular groups in the first half of the 20th century.
A trend that would become the ideological doctrine called "Polish Way to Socialism" by Władysław Gomułka, and the Polish Trotskyism.
The Polish Way to Socialism is the more important of these two tendencies of the Polish New Left, beginning to develop in particular between the 20s and 30s, until the 40s-70s. In essence defending the need for major reforms for Russian Poland in its development (reforms that did not necessarily align with the thinking of the RLSPD, which dominated the Russian left).
Polish Center: The center of Polish policies within Russia was permanently changed by the 'Young Poles', new generations or citizens who had changed their position regarding the status of Poland within the Russian Empire.
Unlike the Old Poles (descendants of the old Commonwealth and its aristocracy, preferring independence).
The Autonomists, a movement that could be defined simply as the defenders of a greater cultural, social, economic and political autonomy of Poland from the rest of the Russian Empire.
Although it could be debated: What is autonomy? or what do these Poles refer to with autonomy?
Some advocated a model similar to the Grand Duchy of Finland (the establishment of a Kingdom of Poland within the Russian Empire), others supported the creation of a federal structure within the entire country or simply further decentralization of the unitary state.
In Moscow's opinion, the Poles had already gained autonomy without the need for federalization, thanks to the democratic reforms of the Russian Empire and the creation of different bodies that supported local developments, lateral organization or that took into account Polish opinions. Reforms that were precisely what facilitated the 'softening' of the Polish Autonomists, up to a point.
The Loyalists are the other movement that was formed as a result of the various reforms and changes within the Russian Empire, arising mainly in the new Polish territories of Russia, in particular Galicia-Lodomeria (old Austria-Hungary).
These Loyalists are the different groups or politicians that emerged from impoverished Galicia, which began to gain more and more importance within Polish politics as the Russian reforms in the region began to give more results (increased education, advances in industry oil company, etc).
The Loyalists' position is straightforward, a pro-Muscovite position within Russian Poland (not always necessarily overlapping with the Polish Left or the Autonomists in all matters). In essence, Poles in favor of the monarchy of the Romanovs and Moscow, with different positions on other socio-economic issues (most of them tend to be socially conservative and / or capitalist).
Polish Right: After the First Stalinism and the Russian Civil War, the Polish Right was essentially dominated by a single party-movement, Roman Dmowski's National Democracy.
A Polish right that was not necessarily 'separatist' all-time (not immediately at least) but that had consequences, mainly in the separation between the center-right (moderates) and the far-right (the Polish Ultras).
ND (National Democracy), the center-right group of Dmowski which was allowed by the Moscow government.
Dmowski defended Polish independence AFTER various issues were resolved and cooperated with Moscow, which essentially crushed most of Polish separatism in the short to medium term.
The group also held other moderate or relatively common ideas, such as capitalism and defense of the free market within the Russian Empire, a foreign policy of cooperation with allies such as the Covenant of Nations, and a policy against the British Empire.
The only real problem that Dmowski faced in his policies outside of his defense of long-term separatism, was his anti-minority stance (as opposed to the left-center, which was much more multi-cultural) especially against Germanic and Semitic groups (Jews).
Dmowski's influence is notable, both in the Polish center-right / right and even in the Ultras (who actually supported Dmowski's anti-Semitic positions), not only in ideas or positions but also in some results, like helping to separate the Catholic religion from most Poles from most of the right-wing politics in the Russian Poland.
The National Democracy did not survive beyond Roman Dmowski's death in 1939, but it still has a certain legacy in post-WW3 Russian Poland politics.
Ultras/the Polish Ultra-right, a compendium of far-right groups of Polish politics, characterized by violence-militancy, deep conservatism (also associated with some forms of religious extremism), anti-Semitism, Russophobia and the like.
Many times banned and attacked by the mainstream policies of the Russian Empire for its censorship laws, laws against racism and other laws similar against said groups.
In summary, politically Finland was not affected very much but it did have important social changes, while Poland did not change much socially but it did begin to have important political changes.
Both regions undergoing developments parallel to the rest of the Russian Empire, which had movements such as the New Right (the post-Kolchak right within the Russian Empire, led by Savinkov), Eurasianism, etc.
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Some of the members of the Russian-Polish left, like Felix Dzerzhinsky, Julian Marchlewski and Feliks Kon (the three in the center of the group).
(OOC: I use it more as a literary thing, but ITL probably more 'far-right' or 'far-left' politics are called 'Ultras', since it means further beyond, was is the 'acceptable' politics)
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[Telefot]
As mentioned, with the invention of the high-speed rail and in the future the invention of commercial containers, the Russian Empire in its reconstruction period would go through a kind of second industrial revolution.
That was accompanied by significant economic growth and some interesting economic and technological-industrial developments, such as advances in consumer goods.
With the advancement in electricity, the developed countries of the world began to have a certain boom in household products. In particular, families were beginning to obtain refrigerators and radios.
In the Russian Empire with these advances and the invention of other previous technologies, after 6-7 years of work, the invention of electronic television or Telefot (Telephotom / Телефотом) by Boris Pavlovich Grabovsky was completed.
The invention of the Telefot has important consequences, such as what would later become one of the largest communication and entertainment mediums in the world.
Although of course, everything starts with much smaller things.
The first public demonstrations of the Russian Empire of televisions took place, which led to further technological developments between the late 20s and early 30s in the Russian Empire and other regions - And also the sales of the TVs become more and more during this time.
What would later start national television broadcasting in several countries, establishing different standards, developments and television cultures throughout the World.
(OOC: I don't know if ITL Telefot or Television will be more popular, at least for some time it will be Telefot XD)
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[Russian Armed Forces]
*[Perspective]
Tsar Nicholas II watched as the armed forces bring in new medved '(armored vehicles), an evolution of the first Medved of the Great Wars and the Russian Civil War.
The Interwar Period for the Russian Empire would be the development of its first medium and heavy Medved.
But before that, of course, several tests and quality inspections had to be carried out, as well as approval of designs, some other details and more.
Along with Tsar Nicholas II were Minister Brusilov, Deputy Minister Denikin, and Premier Stalin, among other people such as junior officers, engineers, and other important workers in this matter.
"If you allow me." Tsar Nicholas II exclaims calmly, while some people give him information and instructions about the new vehicle.
After Nicholas II other important statesmen would follow, until finally the largest and most important demonstrations of this project, which had been developed in conjunction with the European Socialist Union.
Part of the project against the Imperial Federation.
"And what do you think?" Nicholas II calmly asks his military and his Premier.
"I would also like a professional opinion." Stalin indicates calmly.
"Well, I think it's still too early to talk about its performance in combat, tactics or its relationship with the chain of command but ... it definitely needs better seats." Brusilov indicates with some pain in his back. "Or maybe I'm just old."
"Currently I agree on the need for improvements in the ergonomic layout of the crew compartment" Denikin mentions. "On the other hand, the compartment is quite complete when it comes to equipment such as radios, but I am concerned about the logistics of these new vehicles, in the subject of ammunition and such."
"Well, it's a start." Tsar Nicholas II affirms.
The new tank was the T-24, which later under the Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau and Mikhail Ilyich Koshkin would give rise to the T-34/85 and other variants of the T-24, which would serve in various wars (such as the famous World War 3) and are still active in some countries-conflicts even today.
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A 'rough'-make Medved captured by Trotsky's militias during the fight against the Southern Directorate.
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Inspection of new armored vehicles by Iosif V. Stalin during the late WW3-period.
(OOC: We are going to go deep into the T-24 in the next update, but is basically ITL first T-34).
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[International]
October 1, throughout the European Socialist Union a new and important law is made, the Resolution against the Anti-Proletarian Ideologies.
If previous cultural revolutions were 'small-scale' events (separate purges and movements within different socialist countries, basically 'internal affairs'), this is a much larger-scale event (supranational affairs).
The socialist governments in the ESU after the first years of the Troubled Times, began to deepen even more in the ideological than political-economic work. Generally trying to propagate a new culture (and acording to some, a new 'morality' - a concept not shared by Marxist historians and thinkers after the period of the Great Proletarian Revolution) around the new dictatorship-state of the proletariat.
In reality, this Great Cultural Revolution in the ESU had results, but obviously beyond what many expected (the socialist ideology cannot completely eradicate the pre-revolutionary culture, giving rise to syncretisms, new situations and problems, in addition to other legacies of this era).
Messages from this Great Cultural Revolution (officially Great Proletarian Revolution) include various slogans, propaganda and now common sayings in various communist institutions or groups in Europe:
* "Learn Science - Build the Country"
* "Set a good example - Fight corruption"
* "Let Marx's philosophy be our strongest weapon"
* "The Cadre should mix with the workers"
* "Soldiers and civilians united, cannot be defeated"
* "Reading is one of the duties of the person!"
* "Read books so that the proletarian nations might rise!"
*"Study hard and prepare to contribute to Socialist modernization! Listen attentively, think diligently, and fulfil your task conscientiously!"
*"Have Culture - New Disciplines for the People of a New Age"
* "We are right - And we will win"
Georges Carpentier becomes heavyweight boxing champion of the République Populaire Démocratique de France (Democratic People's Republic of France, DPRF).
Carpentier was born as one of five children to a modest family (a mining father and a mother of whom much is unknown, but is supposed to be a housewife).
Although Carpentier's career does not survive beyond 1926, within socialist France he is quite legendary (being an icon for French boxers after the Great Proletarian Revolution, which helped him to become a model thanks to his 'proper background' and patriotic work in military service).
October 2, throughout the United States in several states such as Oklahoma begin to adopt reforms that allow state legislatures to convene themselves.
October 5, King Edward VIII and his wife, Queen Margaret (Princess Margaret Milena Elizabeth Romaine Mary of Savoy) leave the Home Islands for the first time since their marriage.
The couple's first destination, house around April-June 1923, visits Canada (another of the states that make up the Imperial Federation).
October 6, the idea of Prohibition (adopted in Canada and the United States) began to make important local advances in New Zealand and Australia (which, similar to Canada, are states of the Imperial Federation).
Despite the fact that around 59% of Australians in 1923 did not accept the idea, the truth is that these negative opinions against the prohibition would decline or be ignored (the result of various factors such as the loss of real political power of citizens within of the British Empire, control of the political-economic elites over the means of production-work and propaganda, the local Social Aristocracy, etc).
The first Australian regional government to adopt the Alcohol Ban would be Queensland a few years later, followed by the rest of Australia and New Zealand.
October 7, throughout Canada the Governor-Minister Mackenzie King begins a series of trips and projects throughout the state, to comply with the projects and agreements of the Social Aristocracy Great Conference (Aristocratic Council) and promote his own version of the dominant ideology.
Throughout the construction of new churches or religious-nationalist monuments, King guessed:
"A wave of materialism is sweeping across the World.
Europe is in a tough fight between hope and despair, and that struggle is becoming material "
-It is difficult to know if King was referring simply to an advance of Marxist materialism, capitalist materialism or simply to the social problems that existed in various corners of Europe, but he was popular and his message resonated with the White Canadian people.
King promoted an increasingly religious conservative culture throughout Canada (which would later have its effects throughout North America).
October 9, with the civil strife in Japan, the Japanese Communists create their own Political Commissars or 政治 将 校 / Seiji shōkō (who follow a similar model to the Commissars or Political Officers that exist in Socialist Europe and Turkey).
These new Political Commissars essentially existed within communist-controlled military divisions and communities for political oversight of civilians, soldiers, and even Party members.
Properly said, the Commissars existed only in periods of war or great events like the Great Proletarian Revolution, but political officers always existed in socialist governments.
Taking charge of the supervision of the socialist doctrine and fighting against anti-proletarian ideologies or deviations of accepted Socialism, with diverse results.
"We once heard with interest of the Japanese caste of Samurai, who never hesitate to die for the sake of collective, national interests, the interests of the community as a whole.
I must say that in the Japanese Commissars, leading Communist fighters, Japan have obtained a new, Communist order of Samurai, who - without benefit of caste privileges - are able to die and to teach others to die, for the cause of the working class. "
-Writings of a European communist regarding the Japanese Commissars (which according to some also applied to the European Commissars).
(OOC: I added this because I think is funny, it was written by Trotsky during the Russian civil war. In short, Trotsky was the first weeb).
Although in reality this would be an exaggeration, although the inter-war years were ... complicated, for many countries and groups (the communists were no exception), within the groups of Commissars or Political Officials the main three doctrines were developed of political commissars in the Socialists states around the World (perhaps with different names, but the same meaning and ideological essence).
1-Seek truth from facts.
2-Serve the people.
3-On going too far.
Basically the communists, although they were generally led by vanguard parties and supported ideas of cultural revolutions, Party purges or revolutionary terrors, they continued to understand that without popular support (which sometimes meant ignoring certain facts ...) they were nothing.
August 10, the countries of the world finally agree on a date for new Olympics around 1924.
The main countries that offered themselves as candidates were the Imperial Federation, the United States and the Russian Empire. Germany and France also volunteered, but the internal ESU situation ultimately resulted in a lack of support for an Olympics in Bonn or Paris.
Ultimately the United States won, as a midpoint between Moscow and London. The 1924 Olympics would be held in Chicago.
Various forms of 'German Anti-Proletarianism' (like Bavarian nationalism, far-right groups in Saxony, and Social Democrats all over Germany, etc) are attacked in the Free Republic of Germany.
October 12, the KKK is incorporated (incorporation like in the formation of a new corporation) in the New York State, thus circumventing the law that would force the Klan to list the names of its members.
Most riots for food in Socialist France stop, although of course the inter-war period was not entirely smooth and saw numerous problems.
The French manufacturing industry was continuously in decline, with little workforce and an aging population (demographic problems).
France simply no longer had the resources of its old colonial empire, and the industry was concentrated around particular areas of the north-central part of the country, while the rest was oriented towards services or agriculture-livestock (and other foods such as cheese. , wine, etc).
This marked the growth of a black market for hard-to-find goods and other socio-economic problems that were not resolved until decades later.
October 14, a bomb exploded outside Cubs Park (Wrigley Field) in Chicago, United States, this causes $10,000 in damage but there is not injured or dead people.
Rumors indicated that this was done by syndicate members angry at local trial results by Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis, but this was never properly resolved (no arrests were made and the perpetrator/s were never found).
There were rumors that this could change the mind of the Chicago Olympics, but it was seen as an isolated and small incident.
October 16, the Disney Brothers Studio is officially founded by Walt and Ron Disney when a contract is signed for the production of Alice Comedies (a series of shorts from the 1920s where animation and live-action meet, following the adventures of a girl called Alice and Julius the cat in an animated landscape).
One of the most notable and important companies in the United States nationally and internationally, not only for economic reasons but also because of its influence on various issues (after 1941, Disney had a great influence in the direction of American culture ).
October 20, in preparation for the Chicago Olympics, an international race is held in the international city that includes a conventional race between athletes, car races and horse races.
October 21, although Karl Liebknecht has not yet officially announced his resignation, various German communist leaders begin to make movements in search of support to succeed Liebknecht.
These candidates included men like Heinrich Brandler, Ernst Thälmann, and Joseph Goebbels, among others.
Among the first to throw in the towel for lack of support was Brandler.
October 23, Karl Liebknecht officially announces his retirement from politics and future elections for the new People's Chancellor of the Free Republic of Germany in October 1924.
The old guard and the German population begin to argue who would be the most suitable successor to Chancellor Liebknecht.
One of the first to begin to mobilize large public support was Thälmann.
October 25, with the various civil mobilizations in West Germany (due to the Great Proletarian Revolution and the withdrawal of Karl Liebknecht), East Germany and West Germany almost went to war.
It is difficult to know for sure why, but East German military forces and paramilitary groups made their way to the West German borders.
Thinking that perhaps a war or the fall of socialism was approaching in Germany, however this did not finally happen. The situation in West Germany was calm and the Imperial Federation blocked the foreign policy of the Prussian Republic of Germany.
November 1, founding of Finnair (Finnair Oyj in Finnish and sometimes Финнэйр in Russian), one of the largest airlines of the Grand Duchy of Finland (Russian Empire).
November 3, Australia (Imperial Federation) begins to develop its own strain of Social Aristocracy, diverging from the 'main line' of the Home Islands (as happened in Canada).
The Australian Social Aristocracy developed mainly around Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland (that is, mainly parts of eastern Australia).
This variant remained characterized by irredentist claims (cultural and geographic, in addition to supporting the need for Australian expansion), racism (continuation of the White Australia policy), anti-left / anti-liberal thinking, and right-wing authoritarianism (supporting the creation of of a police state), but also had differences in foreign policy and some racial issues.
Mainly because of the geographical position of Australia (a gigantic land mass, closer to Southeast Asia than other parts of the white Anglo-Saxon world) and the Australian Aboriginal peoples (who would be victims of repression and persecution by Australian white supremacists).
* Also the Australian Social Aristocracy was marked by a close cooperation with New Zealand (and the Philippines, which functioned as 'honorary Aryans' under Gregorio del Pilar) and a huge fear of a Russian invasion.
There was also a big branch for an Isolationist Australia, but this depended on the situation of the far-right in the region and international diplomacy in later decades.
In the United States the New York Renaissance (an all-black basketball team ) played its first game, defeating a white team 28 to 22.
November 5, despite the fact that the KKK began to successfully avoid the law and could be strengthened to a certain extent, the truth is that the increase in members (reaching millions of members) also causes a certain factionalism.
William S. Coburn, a prominent figure in the Midwestern Klan (actually Coburn's group arose in the Deep South, but they had been successfully expelled from Georgia some time ago) was shot in his office by a member of a rival faction, showing the factional problems within the group.
It is surprising to say that there were 'moderate' Klan members and others quite more extreme (who would associate with groups like the "Revolutionary Government of the United States").
November 7, the economic growth and development of the Imperial Federation reaches positive results in line with the Keynesian reforms adopted by the government.
November 10, President Henry Ford and the Senate's troubles intensify, with progressive members of the Senate calling the president's behavior "cowardly and dishonorable."
This is why Fordist populism took much more force in its ideas of 'reform' in the deconstruction of traditional power structures in the United States.
Many thought America's problems were only temporary and would lead to nothing (the "It can't happen here" thought), until it happened (and so the result of American problematics in the 30s were 'Inevitable').
November 14, the population of the Prussian Republic of Germany finally gives in more to the pressure of the Red-Black Front, after the 'aborted' war against West Germany as a last great humiliation on German pride (pushing liberal politicians and 'centrists' to the right / far-right).
The military is also increasingly getting behind Manfred von Richthofen and the Strasser brothers, who are seen as the ones to restore order in East Germany and prevent the collapse of Germany's 'legitimate' remnants.
November 16-18, Benito Mussolini indicates his support for a greater centralization of the European Socialist Union (which in Mussolini's opinion, would result in a further strengthening of world communism, rather than following the 'internationalist' stance of the ESU ).
"The workers wrested the world from darkness and illuminate it with the light of enlightenment.
The workers of the world are a single civilization and therefore sooner or later must be part of a single country."
-Benito Mussolini.
A controversial opinion, some understood that Mussolini was approaching a certain revisionism and attacking internationalist positions.
But these opinions and controversies never got too deep (or went too far) and as a consequence did not affect the general's status.
November 23, Ernst Thälmann and Joseph Goebbels secure their alliance to create the government that will succeed Karl Liebknecht.
The agreement between the two men placed Thälmann as the next People's Chancellor, and Goebbels as head of the Stasi and the 'agitation' (information and propaganda) directories.
November 30, Karl Marx's grandson, Jean-Laurent-Frederick Longuet is finally sent to a re-education camp at the République Populaire Démocratique de France.
Longuet was considered a revisionist of his ancestor because of his relations with the government of Paul Faure.
Since then, many of the descendants of Karl Marx have kept a low profile or have preferred to excuse themselves from making political comments related to Marx.
December 2, Uruguay defeats Argentina in a football match 2-0 in the final of the South American Championship of football.
December 3, Pierre Curie publishes a compendium of the scientific advances developed by him and several university groups in Paris in recent years, marking important advances in certain fields.
(OOC: Essentially replacing the work of Marie Curie ITL and that of several French scientists that I probably did not mention in the updates but were hampered by the troubles of Socialist France).
December 6, Oswald Mosley continues his rise in British politics with the help of his mentor, Winston Churchill.
The young Mosley becomes popular with the 'new workers' of the Home Islands, the police and the various men within the British dictatorship (bureaucrats and military).
December 12, the Imperial Federation institutes austerity measures in the Prussian Republic of Germany as part of its economic reforms due to falling gold reserves in East Germany.
The economy of Prussian Germany was heavily controlled by the British and their 'recommendations' could not be ignored, as British money was driving the economy of this Germany.
Austerity proves its results in the long run, but only with the right reforms (after 1924, with the change of the East German government).
December 18, American politician Andrew Volstead told a law enforcement conference in Minnesota that the American people were giving up their opposition to Prohibition.
As a consequence, Volstead asserted, Prohibition would never be threatened or repealed.
Volstead's claim is debatable, but the truth is that from a modern point of view, de-jure Prohibition lasted much longer than expected (due to a mixture of various factors such as the black market for alcohol and corruption, changes in politics, 'bigger issues', etc).
December 19, as a scientist and veteran of the French Socialist Revolution (and in a way a companion of Jules Guesde, founder of socialist France) the government of the République Populaire Démocratique de France grants Pierre Curie an annual pension of 20,000 euros.
That for the time, it was enough (not only adjusting the numbers for inflation but also for the situation in France at the time).
December 20, in East Germany and Sweden workers who do not accept a 10-hour work day are threatened with the possibility of being fired by their employers.
In the British sphere there were some minimal social advances for the workers, mainly to keep them happy and prevent them from joining revolutionary-socialist ranks or deserting political enemies like Russia.
But of course before these advances, the workers had to endure some mistreatment (the authorities or economic elites continued to hold great power over their employees and politics, at least officially until the end of WW3).
December 27, the former Emperor Taishō of Japan passes away after various health problems.
Communists increase their activity in various regions of Japan around this time.
Death of Gustave Eiffel, French engineer and architect who is recognized for selling his design of the 'Eiffel Tower' (better known as Tower of the Sun) to the Russians.
December 31, Petrograd suffers from flooding problems due to overflowing of the Neva river.
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