Capítulo 154: June 2, 2023
today's featured article
Prince Alfred of Great Britain
Article Talk
Language
Download PDF
Watch
Edit
For the second son of Queen Victoria, see Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
Prince Alfred of Great Britain (22 September 1780 – 20 August 1782)[1] was the fourteenth child and ninth and youngest son of King George III and his queen consort, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. In 1782, Alfred, who had never enjoyed robust health, became unwell after his inoculation against the smallpox virus. His early death, along with that of his brother Prince Octavius six months later, deeply distressed the royal family. In his later bouts of madness, King George imagined conversations with both of his youngest sons.
Prince Alfred
Painting of Alfred as a young boy with short, wispy blonde hair, wearing a white garment with a pink sash
Portrait by Thomas Gainsborough, 1782
Born
22 September 1780
Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England
Died
20 August 1782 (aged 1)
Lower Lodge, Windsor Great Park, England
Burial
27 August 1782
Westminster Abbey
Royal Vault, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle (11 February 1820)
House
Hanover
Father
George III, King of the United Kingdom
Mother
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Life
Edit
Prince Alfred was born on 22 September 1780, at Windsor Castle.[2][3] He was the fourteenth child and ninth and youngest son of King George III and his queen consort, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz,[4] and as such, was a member of the House of Hanover. By the time Alfred was born, his eldest brothers were already near adult age.[5] The prince was baptised by Frederick Cornwallis, the Archbishop of Canterbury, in the Great Council Chamber at St James's Palace on 21 October 1780. His godparents were his elder siblings George, Prince of Wales; Prince Frederick; and Charlotte, Princess Royal.[3][6][7] Alfred's birth brought joy to his family, especially to his older sister Princess Sophia, who, their sister Princess Elizabeth reported, called the new baby her "grandson".[8] From birth, Alfred was a delicate child. He suffered from "eruptions" on his face and, throughout his life, a cough.[9]
Death and aftermath
Edit
Portrait titled The Apotheosis of Prince Octavius. It depicts Prince Octavius and several angels on clouds, the largest of whom is motioning the prince towards his brother Alfred. Painted by Benjamin West in 1783.
The Apotheosis of Prince Octavius in 1783, by Benjamin West. Alfred (left) welcomes his brother Octavius (right) into Heaven.
During the time of Prince Alfred, smallpox was a disease dreaded by royalty and commoners alike,[10] and due to a lack of medical development, it was frequently fatal.[11] Queen Charlotte, Alfred's mother, was a lifelong advocate of inoculation, and she had the royal children undergo the procedure.[12] (Variolation, its precursor, was popularised in Britain when the daughters of King George II, then Prince of Wales, underwent the procedure in 1721.)[13]
In 1782, Prince Alfred was inoculated against smallpox. The inoculation had a negative effect on the Prince's health. Alfred's face and eyelids suffered from eruptions caused by the inoculation, and his chest was also in poor condition.[14] In June, he was taken to Deal with his governess Lady Charlotte Finch and nurse Mrs Cheveley to recover.[15][9] Physicians hoped that the sea air, bathing in the water, and horseback riding would improve his condition.[14][16] In letters to her friend Mary Hamilton, Lady Charlotte wrote that "there is no doubt of the seabathing agreeing with him [Prince Alfred]... and his appetite [is] so good that he must gain ground".[17] While he was there, Alfred endeared himself to many with his charm and good nature.[14] Despite this, he continued to break out in spots and his chest was troubling him.[14] In early July, Lady Charlotte reported that Alfred was beginning to recover but, later that month, his condition deteriorated to the point that he was unable to walk.[17] In August, Prince Alfred, Lady Charlotte, and Mrs Cheveley returned to Windsor Castle due to his worsening condition. Upon their return, doctors gathered to discuss the Prince's health and concluded that the boy had only weeks to live. After suffering bouts of fever and continuing problems with his chest,[18] Prince Alfred died between four and five in the afternoon on 20 August,[19][20][21] at Lower Lodge, Windsor Great Park, a month shy of his second birthday.[22]
Although the household did not go into mourning (it was not prescribed for royal children younger than seven),[22] his parents took the loss harshly. According to Lady Charlotte, Queen Charlotte "cried vastly" and was "very much hurt by her loss and the King also".[22] Later that August, the Queen sent Lady Charlotte a lock of Alfred's hair bound in a locket made of pearl and amethyst,[22] stating "Receive This [...] as an Acknowledgement for Your very affectionate attendance upon my dear little Angel Alfred, and wear the inclosed Hair, not only in remembrance of that dear Object, but also as a mark of esteem from Your Affectionate Queen."[23] Alfred was buried at Westminster Abbey on 27 August,[2][24] though his remains were later moved to the Royal Vault in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle on 11 February 1820.[25][26] Six months after Alfred's death, his four year old elder brother Octavius succumbed to the smallpox virus after inoculation as well, further devastating the King,[27][28][29] although he was more deeply affected by the latter's death.[30][31] Horace Walpole relayed to Sir Horace Mann that the King had declared "I am very sorry for Alfred; but had it been Octavius, I should have died too."[32][33] Alfred's father continued to dwell on his sons' deaths, and the sight of Alfred's posthumous portrait in a family painting by Thomas Gainsborough nearly a year after the Prince's death sent his three eldest sisters into tears, and the King and Queen were also visibly touched.[34][35] During one of his bouts of madness in 1812, George had imaginary conversations with his two youngest sons.[27][note 1]
The first of George III and Queen Charlotte's children to die,[24][36] Alfred died in 1782, whereas his older sister Princess Mary, who was the last survivor of George III and Queen Charlotte's fifteen children, died in 1857.[37] Alfred is also unique among their first fourteen children for never being an older sibling while he was alive, as the only child younger than him was born after his death.[38]
Title and style
Edit
Throughout his life, Alfred was styled as His Royal Highness The Prince Alfred, with the title of a Prince of Great Britain and Ireland.[19]
Ancestry
Edit
Ancestors of Prince Alfred of Great Britain[39]
8. George II of Great Britain
4. Frederick, Prince of Wales
9. Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach
2. George III of Great Britain
10. Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
5. Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
11. Princess Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst
1. Prince Alfred of Great Britain
12. Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
6. Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
13. Princess Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
3. Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
14. Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
7. Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen
15. Countess Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach
Notes
Edit
Jeremy Black lists these conversations occurring in 1812; Kenneth Panton believes they happened the previous year, in 1811.[24]
References
Edit
Curzon 2020, p. XII.
Weir 2008, p. 300.
Hall 2010, p. 236.
Hedley 1975, p. 344.
Hadlow 2014, p. 192.
Sheppard 1894, p. 59.
Watkins 1819, p. 276.
Fraser 2004, p. 65.
Hadlow 2014, p. 291.
Riedel, Stefan (January 2005). "Edward Jenner and the History of Smallpox and Vaccination". Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center). Baylor University Medical Center. 18 (1): 21–25. doi:10.1080/08998280.2005.11928028. PMC 1200696. PMID 16200144.
Koplow 2003, p. 9.
Hedley 1975, p. 99.
Koplow 2003, p. 17.
Fraser 2004, p. 71.
Watkins 1819, p. 282.
Hadlow 2014, pp. 291–292.
Hadlow 2014, p. 292.
Fraser 2004, pp. 72–73.
"No. 12324". The London Gazette. 20 August 1782. p. 1.
Hedley 1975, p. 126.
Holt 1820, p. 251.
Fraser 2004, p. 72.
"RA GEO/ADD/15/443a-b – Letter from Queen Charlotte to Lady Charlotte Finch, probably August 1782". Georgian Papers Project. Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
Panton 2011, p. 39.
"Royal Burials in the Chapel since 1805". College of St. George. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011.
"Royal Burials in the Chapel by location". College of St. George. Archived from the original on 22 January 2010.
Black 2006, p. 156.
Fraser 2004, pp. 74–77.
Hedley 1975, p. 127.
Black 2006, p. 256.
Curzon 2020, p. 86.
Walpole & Cunningham 1891, p. 363.
Hadlow 2014, p. 293.
Fraser 2004, p. 73.
Hadlow 2014, p. 296.
Hibbert 2000, p. 99.
Fraser 2004, pp. xii–xiii, 399.
Fraser 2004, pp. xii–xiii, 74–75.
von Ammon 1768, p. 5.
Bibliography
Edit
Black, Jeremy (2006). George III: America's Last King. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-11732-9.
Curzon, Catherine (2020). The Elder Sons of George III: Kings, Princes, and a Grand Old Duke. Pen & Sword Books Limited. ISBN 978-1-4738-7250-9.
Fraser, Flora (2004). Princesses: The Six Daughters of George III. John Murray. ISBN 0-7195-6108-6.
Hadlow, Janice (2014). A Royal Experiment: The Private Life of King George III. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-0-8050-9656-9.
Hall, Matthew (2010) [1858]. The Royal Princesses of England: From the Reign of George the First. G. Routledge & Co. ISBN 978-1-146-51884-0.
Hedley, Olwen (1975). Queen Charlotte. J. Murray. ISBN 0-7195-3104-7.
Hibbert, Christopher (2000). George III: A Personal History. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-02724-5.
Holt, Edward (1820). The Public and Domestic Life of His Late Most Gracious Majesty, George the Third, Volume 1. London: Sherwood, Neely, and Jones. OCLC 765811244.
Koplow, David A. (2003). Smallpox: The Fight to Eradicate a Global Scourge. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24220-3.
Panton, Kenneth J. (2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Scarebrow Press, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8108-5779-7.
Sheppard, Edgar (1894). Memorials of St. James's Palace, Volume 2. London: Longmans, Green, and Co. OCLC 1166804665.
von Ammon, Christoph Heinrich (1768). Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. OCLC 12016472.
Walpole, Horace; Cunningham, Peter (1891). The Letters of Horace Walpole, Fourth Earl of Orford, Volume VIII. Richard Bentley and Son. OCLC 609155242.
Watkins, John (1819). Memoirs of Her Most Excellent Majesty Sophia-Charlotte: Queen of Great Britain, Volume 1. Henry Colburn. OCLC 4606736.
Weir, Alison (2008). Britain's Royal Families, The Complete Genealogy. London: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-09-953973-5.
External links
Edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prince Alfred of Great Britain.
Portraits of Prince Alfred (1780–1782) at the National Portrait Gallery, London Edit this at Wikidata
Last edited 34 minutes ago by Robertm25
...
Did you know ...
Kölner Domchor
Kölner Domchor
... that the Kölner Domchor (pictured) from Cologne Cathedral sang Palmeri's Misa a Buenos Aires at a 2013 festival in Rome dedicated to Pope Francis, with the composer at the piano?
... that Pete Johnson was the first Republican to hold statewide office in Mississippi since the Reconstruction era?
... that Jacques-Louis David's Portrait of Count Stanislas Potocki from 1781 has been described as one of his masterpieces?
... that as a teenager in a B'nai B'rith camp in Canada, Holocaust survivor and future Canadian ambassador Fred Bild learned English from his camp counselor, future actor William Shatner?
... that the experimental film 13 Lakes, which consists of 13 ten-minute-long static shots of different lakes in the United States, was deemed to be significant by the Library of Congress?
... that Gator Rivers dribbled a basketball around chairs and under tables in a closet when trying out for the Harlem Globetrotters?
... that though Mohamed Oufkir was appointed as Minister of Defence as a result of the 1971 Moroccan coup d'état attempt, he would later organize his own coup?
... that Lonzo Anderson "grew up rather like a rabbit" while unsupervised outdoors, anticipating his work on Two Hundred Rabbits?
ArchiveStart a new articleNominate an article
In the news
Devon Conway in April 2023
Devon Conway
In cricket, the Indian Premier League concludes with the Chennai Super Kings defeating the Gujarat Titans in the final (player of the match Devon Conway pictured).
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is re-elected President of Turkey in a runoff.
In auto racing, Josef Newgarden wins the Indianapolis 500.
Rock singer and actress Tina Turner dies at the age of 83.
The International Booker Prize is awarded to Time Shelter, written by Georgi Gospodinov and translated by Angela Rodel.
Ongoing: Russian invasion of UkraineSudan conflict
Recent deaths: Harald zur HausenBill McGovernGary KentJavier ÁlvarezKaren LumleyAhmad Kamal
Nominate an article
On this day
June 2: Festa della Repubblica in Italy (1946)
Elizabeth II on her coronation day
Elizabeth II on her coronation day
1805 – Napoleonic Wars: A Franco-Spanish fleet recaptured the British-held Diamond Rock, an uninhabited island at the entrance to the bay leading to Fort-de-France, Martinique.
1886 – The wedding of Grover Cleveland and Frances Folsom took place in the White House, the only time a U.S. president used that building for the ceremony.
1953 – Queen Elizabeth II (pictured) was crowned at Westminster Abbey in London.
1967 – Benno Ohnesorg, a German university student, was killed in West Berlin while protesting the visit of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran; the anarchist militant 2 June Movement was later named after the incident.
1983 – After an emergency landing due to an in-flight fire, 23 passengers aboard Air Canada Flight 797 were killed when a flashover occurred as the aircraft's doors opened.
Ogata Kōrin (d. 1716)Adelaide Casely-Hayford (b. 1868)Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry (d. 1982)
More anniversaries: June 1June 2June 3
ArchiveBy emailList of days of the year
From today's featured list
Franz Klein's bust of Beethoven
Franz Klein's bust of Beethoven
There have been many private and public sculptures of the German composer Ludwig van Beethoven, including busts, reliefs, and statues. The first, a bust (pictured) by Franz Klein, was commissioned by Johann Andreas Streicher and created in 1812, while the composer was still alive. After Beethoven's death in 1827, his hometown, Bonn, immediately began planning a monument. A design competition was eventually held, in which a submission by Ernst Julius Hähnel beat ones from Friedrich von Amerling, Gustav Bläser and Friedrich Drake. Hähnel's monument was erected in 1845. The Beethoven monuments that followed, while retaining a high pedestal, began to portray the composer in a less simplistic and increasingly heroic light. In the early 20th century, the glorified portrayals of Beethoven reached their peak, with god-like representations such as Max Klinger's monument (1902), unveiled at the Vienna Secession and Fidus's unexecuted design for a "Beethoven temple" (1903). (Full list...)
Recently featured: The Sopranos episodesWorld Heritage Sites in CambodiaFab 40 number-one singles
ArchiveMore featured lists
Today's featured picture
Western bowerbird
The western bowerbird (Chlamydera guttata) is a species of bird in the family Ptilonorhynchidae. The species is endemic to Australia, where it has a disjunct distribution, occurring in both Central Australia and the Pilbara region of Western Australia. It is 24 to 28 centimetres (9.4 to 11.0 in) in length with a mass of 120 to 150 grams (4.2 to 5.3 oz). The plumage is brown with reddish or buff spots over the throat, chest, neck, back head and wings, with a pink erectile crest on the nape. Its tail is brown, with the undersides buff. Males and females are similar in appearance, except that the tail of the female is slightly longer and it is more spotted on the throat than the male. This western bowerbird was photographed near Alice Springs in the Northern Territory in 2022.
Photograph credit: John Harrison
Status de energia semanal
-- Ranking de
Poder 
-- Pedra de
Poder