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Capítulo 83: March 26, 2023

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Tell All Your Friends

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Tell All Your Friends is the debut studio album by American rock band Taking Back Sunday, released on March 26, 2002, through Victory Records. Established in 1999, the group underwent several lineup changes before settling on vocalist Adam Lazzara, guitarist and vocalist John Nolan, guitarist Eddie Reyes, bassist Shaun Cooper, and drummer Mark O'Connell. Taking Back Sunday released a five-song demo in early 2001, after which they toured the United States for most of the year. They rented a room in Lindenhurst, New York, where they wrote and demoed songs. In December 2001, the band signed with Victory Records; they began recording their debut album with producer Sal Villanueva at Big Blue Meenie Recording Studio in New Jersey.

Tell All Your Friends

Studio album by Taking Back Sunday

Released

March 26, 2002

Recorded

December 2001 – January 2002

Studio

Big Blue Meenie Recording, New Jersey

Genre

Emo

emo pop

Length

33:46

Label

Victory

Producer

Sal Villanueva

Taking Back Sunday chronology

Tell All Your Friends

(2002)

Where You Want to Be

(2004)

Singles from Tell All Your Friends

"Great Romances of the 20th Century"

Released: March 12, 2002

"You're So Last Summer"

Released: September 16, 2003

"Great Romances of the 20th Century" was released as the lead single from Tell All Your Friends in March 2002. A few months later, Taking Back Sunday toured across the United States with Brand New and Rufio. At the end of the year, a Fight Club-inspired music video was released for "Cute Without the 'E' (Cut from the Team)". The group spent the early part of 2003 touring with the Used and the Blood Brothers before headlining their own tour. After that, Nolan and Cooper left Taking Back Sunday and were replaced by Fred Mascherino and Matt Rubano. In September 2003, "You're So Last Summer" was released as the album's second single, and the band began co-headlining a tour with Saves the Day, which lasted until November 2003. By that point, a music video had been released for "You're So Last Summer".

Critics have given Tell All Your Friends mostly positive reviews, highlighting its mix of musical styles. It sold 2,000 copies in the first week after its release, charting at number 183 on the Billboard 200 chart. The album was certified gold in the US and had sold 790,000 copies as of 2009. It is Victory Records' longest-running release on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart at 68 weeks, and on the Independent Albums chart at 78 weeks. In 2012, the band toured to celebrate the 10th anniversary of Tell All Your Friends playing an acoustic set on the anniversary tour, which was later released in 2013 as the live album TAYF10 Acoustic. The album has been included on lists of the best emo albums of all time by publications such as Alternative Press, NME, and Rolling Stone.

Contents

BackgroundEdit

Guitarist Eddie Reyes became a staple of the New York hardcore scene, performing in Mind Over Matter, Inside, Clockwise and the Movielife.[1] After leaving the Movielife, he started a new project, Runner-Up, which lasted briefly. He then contacted friends Antonio Longo (of One True Thing) and Steven DeJoseph. Longo suggested his childhood friend, John Nolan, as a second guitarist. Longo treated Nolan as family and was adamant he be included. After several bassists, Longo and Nolan brought childhood friend Jesse Lacey (of the Rookie Lot) into the fold.[2] This marked the formation of Taking Back Sunday in Amityville, New York, in November 1999.[3][nb 1] DeJoseph was unable to tour extensively because of personal issues and was waiting until the band had another drummer before leaving the group.[2] At a party, Nolan reportedly romanced Lacey's girlfriend, after which Lacey left the band having been a member for three to four months, and later formed Brand New.[2][5]

Adam Lazzara first joined Taking Back Sunday to play bass but eventually became their lead vocalist.

Guitarist Phil Hanratty of Errortype:11, who had played previously with Reyes in Clockwise, stood in temporarily on bass. Hanratty was friends with Lazzara and introduced him to the rest of Taking Back Sunday after a performance. Lazzara asked if they needed a permanent bassist, and drove from his hometown of High Point, North Carolina[6] to Long Island to practice with them on one occasion. A month later, Reyes called him and asked him to join the band and move in with him.[2][7] Mark O'Connell, who was friends with Reyes, had a practice session with them, after which Reyes and Longo asked him to join the band.[2] After recording their self-titled EP, Longo left the band; Reyes stated that the main complaint that led to Longo's removal was his lack of ability as a singer and a lyricist.[2][8] In December 2000, Lazzara switched from bass to lead vocals, he commented: "I remember getting into [Reyes'] Windstar with that [EP] and just driving around singing those songs, just to make myself actually do it."[2][9][10]

O'Connell suggested that the group needed a bassist and brought in Shaun Cooper, though the rest of the band needed convincing since they did not know him.[2][10] Cooper, who had played with O'Connell in various bands throughout school, auditioned for Taking Back Sunday at the end of December 2000, playing his first show on New Year's Eve.[11] In February 2001, the band released a five-track demo The Tell All Your Friends Demo; copies were given to anyone associated with a record label.[7][9] The group then spent the year touring, during which they received offers from labels that ultimately amounted to nothing.[7] Among these offers was one from Triple Crown Records, who were apprehensive as they had just signed Brand New, and Drive-Thru Records, whose co-owner Richard Reines had mistaken Nolan for Lacey. Eventually, the band's friend Michele Logo was in a car with Victory Records sales and A&R representative Angel Juarbe.[2] She had the band's demo playing during the journey, before Juarbe inquired who it was.[12] He sent a copy to Victory founder Tony Brummel, who asked to see a live performance.[2] Within two weeks of seeing them live, a contract was written up, and the band signed to Victory in December 2001.[9][13]

ProductionEdit

Although other labels expressed interest in Taking Back Sunday, Victory Records encouraged them to make an album.[14] Tell All Your Friends was recorded over a period of two weeks in December 2001 at Big Blue Meenie Recording Studio in New Jersey with producer Sal Villanueva.[15][16] The band arrived without a drum set, presuming that the studio would have one. Engineer Tim Gilles said, "No major studio in America has their own [drum] set. You've gotta be fucking kidding me".[14] The group spent each day driving from Long Island to Jersey City; as all of the members had day jobs, they had to request time off to record.[13][17] Cooper collectively recorded his bass parts in four hours, spread over half a day.[18] Villanueva would come up with ideas and suggest them to the band.[19] Towards the end of tracking around Christmas, Lazzara became sick and lost his voice for two days. It resulted in the band having to miss one to two weeks of recording time.[18] The sessions concluded in early January 2002, and ended up costing $10,000.[15][20] Villanueva had contributed guitar work and co-mixed the recordings with Gilles (under the alias Rumblefish).[16][21] When the band heard the final mixes, they realized that the studio staff had altered the recordings, namely sounds had been manipulated and the guitar tones differed from how they were recorded.[22]

The piano intro to "The Blue Channel", which was initially slow, was sped up to match the tempo of the rest of the song, which was four times faster. Cooper said that the band was unhappy with these choices, and mentioned that the intro to "Great Romances of the 20th Century" was similarly altered from a piano to a synthesizer.[13] The band wanted to make adjustments but were told they were over time and over budget for these changes to happen.[18] They wanted to re-record "Your Own Disaster" from their demo, but were unable to due to time and money constraints.[14] Instead, it was re-recorded for their second studio album, Where You Want to Be (2004). Engineering was handled by Gilles, Erin Farley, and Arun Venkatesh, with mastering by Gilles at Surgical Sound.[21] Neil Rubenstein, who later became the group's tour manager, contributed vocals to "There's No 'I' in Team", "Timberwolves at New Jersey" and "Head Club". Nolan's sister, Michelle, sang on "Bike Scene" and "Ghost Man on Third", and Matt McDannell contributed vocals to "Head Club".[10][16] Nolan suggested his sister as he was aware that she had "an amazing voice".[14]

CompositionEdit

OverviewEdit

[We] named it Tell All Your Friends, kind of in a half-joking manner, because we were very aware that any of our success was due to word of mouth and just people telling your friends.[23]

John Nolan in 2005 on the album's title

Tell All Your Friends's sound would later be described as emo and emo pop,[24][25] drawing comparisons to Grade,[26] Fugazi,[27] the Movielife (specifically their 2000 album This Time Next Year),[28] Weezer,[29] and fellow Victory band Thursday.[30] A review from CMJ New Music Monthly noted that musically, the album sounded like "two guitars butt[ing] heads" to fuse "clean-channel pop melodies" with "chugging metal progressions".[30] The vocals were reminiscent of Saves the Day,[26] and the Canterbury Effect,[28] often switching from singing to screaming.[31] Around this time, emo bands the Get Up Kids and the Promise Ring influenced Taking Back Sunday.[32] Lazzara and Nolan shared an apartment, often staying up talking until 5:00 am, and began showing each other compositions on which they were working. Rubenstein would often find them composing songs with acoustic guitars.[nb 2]

Taking Back Sunday started jamming in a rehearsal room that Reyes had in Lindenhurst, New York, where they practiced and composed every night.[10][19] The first song this lineup had written was "Great Romances of the 20th Century", which the members felt was better than anything they had done before, and that it sounded different from other Long Island acts, which were into pop and funk.[14][19] The band frequently recorded demos; they wrote music together, while Lazzara and Nolan wrote the lyrics.[16][32] One member would typically come up with a part, which the rest of the group would expand into a song.[33] Nolan wrote a lot of material and had various ideas. He would cut parts and sections out of one song he had been working on and it would eventually end up in a Taking Back Sunday song.[19] Many songs featuring Lazzara and Nolan use call-and-response vocals – something that Reyes' prior band Clockwise had done with their members Hanratty and George Fullan.[19][34] When Reyes started Taking Back Sunday, he told Fullan that he wanted to include the dual vocals as it was something he really liked.[19]

Personal experiences inspired Taking Back Sunday's lyrics.[35] For Nolan, several instances filtered into his lyrics: the falling-out with Lacey, whom he had known all of his life, affected how Nolan felt and what he was trying to work through in his writings; the ending of a five-year long-term relationship since high school and the subsequent process of figuring who you are and what you want to be as a result; and coming to terms with his born again Christian upbringing and the realization that he did not believe in his life up to that point.[13] Nolan and Lazzara had a concept where some of the lyrics could be read "like a play where one line is the boy and the next line is the girl ... Sometimes when you read the lyrics it's a little boring and it's more interesting this way".[14] According to Nolan, about half of their song titles came from "sitting around late at night watching TV".[14] The songs followed the structure of: quiet verse, loud bridge, big chorus, repeat, breakdown, chorus, ending.[36] For almost every track, the breakdown consists of Lazzara and Nolan intertwining their vocal parts, crescendoing into screaming.[34]

TracksEdit

"Cute Without the 'E' (Cut from the Team)"

0:21

According to Billboard, "Cute Without the 'E' (Cut from the Team)" helped bring post-hardcore and emo to a more public audience.[37]

Problems playing this file? See media help.

"You Know How I Do" is a mid-tempo track that opens with feedback, which shifts into Nolan's guitar part before the drums join in.[34][38] A breakdown is heard later in the song, with bass accompaniment and contrasting vocal lines.[38] "Bike Scene", another mid-tempo song, starts with palm-muted guitar parts.[34] Nolan said its name was taken from American Thunder, which had an episode titled "Monterey Peninsula Bike Scene", while the lyrics were potentially inspired by him reading A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius (2000) by Dave Eggers and Lazzara reading Fight Club (1996) by Chuck Palahniuk.[39] Lazzara and O'Connell came up with the opening riff for "Cute Without the 'E' (Cut from the Team)" while at Lazzara's father's house in North Carolina. Nolan suggested it be expanded into a full song after it was brought into practice sessions. The lyrics resulted from a relationship that Lazzara had recently left; an underlying theme of betrayal is present.[22][40] The track's name came from the band's friend Mike Duvan who said the phrase "cut from the team".[41] It opens with a four-chord guitar intro before shifting into single-note verses.[34][42]

The Nolan–Lacey romancing incident inspired Brand New to include "Seventy Times 7" on their debut album, Your Favorite Weapon (2001). Nolan wrote about the event from his point of view in Taking Back Sunday's "There's No 'I' in Team".[43] The track also includes a reference to Brand New's "Mixtape".[37][nb 3] "Great Romances of the 20th Century" includes an audio sample from the film Beautiful Girls (1996), and opens with an electronic string line.[14][38] It shifts into mid-tempo, accompanied by flange-effected and distorted electric guitars backed by frantic drum and bass lines.[34][38] The lyrics discuss two lovers separating.[38]

"Ghost Man on Third" is an emo ballad that focuses on Lazzara's difficulty with mental health, specifically coping with depression at an early age.[38][37] During the song's chorus, Lazzara said he does his "best Daryl Palumbo [of Glassjaw] impression" and electronic strings are heard.[38][47] "Timberwolves at New Jersey" talks about being a musician in the New Jersey emo/post-hardcore scene, while of some lyrics take digs at former band members.[37] Kevin Craft of PopMatters interpreted it as someone trying to console their friendo, who is inexperienced as romance: "The would-be suitor must improve the verses he's using in his attempts at courtship if he wants to have any shot at impressing girls who favor 'literate boys'".[48] The title for "You're So Last Summer" came from the time Lazzara and Nolan went to the movies with their friend Sarah. As the trio left the theater, someone said something and Sarah replied, "You're so last summer" – meaning late to the party.[49] "The Blue Channel" opens with a piano intro; Lazzara said it and "Head Club" were songs the band used "to get enough songs to fill a record so we could go on tour".[34][50] "Head Club" is about Nolan being exhausted with writing about Lacey after the romancing incident. The name of "The Ballad of Sal Villanueva" is a tribute to the album's producer Sal Villanueva.[37]

ReleaseEdit

Initial promotion, and Nolan and Cooper's departuresEdit

On February 21, 2002, the release date for Tell All Your Friends was announced as March, and "Cute Without the 'E' (Cut from the Team)" was posted online.[51] A music video for "Great Romances of the 20th Century" directed by Christian Winters, a friend of the band, was released on March 4.[52] Winters made the video before the group signed with Victory Records; the record company enjoyed it.[14] The song was distributed to radio stations on March 12, 2002; Tell All Your Friends was released on March 26, 2002.[28][52] John Clark shot the cover art, which featured the number 152, alluding to a gas station Lazzara and his friends would stop at Exit 152 off Interstate 40 in Mebane, North Carolina.[6][16] The back cover is a photograph of said exit sign.[6] The vinyl version included the bonus track "The Ballad of Sal Villanueva".[37] To promote the album, Brummel targeted people who were familiar with the label and also emo fans. In Chicago, Illinois, New York City and Los Angeles, California, Victory gave out 20,000 sampler albums at a cost of about $100,000; Brummel considered this a better investment than attempting to gain radio airplay. RED Distribution, who handled distribution for Victory, was aware that the group did not have radio play and began posting about the album on emo websites. A Yahoo! Group with over 1,300 fans could download demos of "Bike Scene" and "Head Club", which was hoped would increase sales.[53] TV commercials aired on the relatively new channels MTV2 and Fuse.[18]

While in Los Angeles, Midtown frontman Gabe Saporta visited Jillian Newman. He had been sent a package of Victory Records' releases by a friend and was playing them in Newman's office. The only one that grabbed her attention was Tell All Your Friends; she asked what it was.[13] She subsequently watched the band at the SXSW music conference; by June 2002, she started managing them.[7] On December 10, 2002, a music video was released for "Cute Without the 'E' (Cut from the Team)" on Launch.com.[54] The video, conceived and directed by Winters, was inspired by the 1999 film Fight Club (a favorite of Nolan and Lazzara).[32] Lazzara's original idea for the video had men fighting women, which was rejected by Winters and Victory before Lazzara and Winters expanded it in the final version.[32][55]

John Nolan (pictured) left the band in 2003 alongside bandmate Shaun Cooper; the two then formed Straylight Run.

Lazzara was suffering from a drinking problem around this time and cheated on Michelle Nolan, who he had been dating for a while.[13] The rest of the band members had quit drinking by the end of 2002; Lazzara resented this. He was constantly in a bad mood and declined any help with his drinking. Cooper felt this drove a wedge between them. Lazzara kept regular contact with Michelle and told her he was going to change his ways.[56] After playing Skate & Surf Festival in late April 2003, Lazzara apologized to Nolan later that evening.[56][57] However, when Lazzara was unaware Nolan was on the tour bus, he claimed he had joked about the whole thing and did not take it seriously. The following day, Nolan told Cooper that he was leaving the band; Cooper had been mulling over the decision too,[56] and decided he did not want to be in the band without Nolan.[58] A day later, the pair told the rest of the band; Lazzara felt terrible about the situation, and O'Connell was in denial about it.[56]

According to Lazzara, Nolan and Cooper were "having trouble because everything was happening so fast. Going from being home [...] to being gone all the time and having your whole life consumed and almost defined by the band that you're in is a lot to handle".[58] Though he initially cited exhaustion from touring, Nolan later revealed there was constant fighting within the group, with each member feeling they were not receiving enough credit for the group's success.[7][58] In addition, he felt he and Lazzara had grown apart as friends.[7] The band's scheduled appearance on Jimmy Kimmel Live! and a stint on Warped Tour were canceled.[59][60] A week after the departures, a meeting was held while Nolan was moving from the place he shared with Lazzara. The band attempted to talk out their problems, but the meeting resulted in Nolan storming out.[56] Nolan and Cooper formed Straylight Run with Michelle and Breaking Pangaea drummer Will Noon and subsequently ceased contact with all the members of Taking Back Sunday except O'Connell.[7][61][nb 4]

New lineup and later promotionEdit

Taking Back Sunday underwent a short period where they were unsure what to do next, and even briefly considered breaking up.[7][58] The band was due to tour the United Kingdom with Brand New in May and June 2003; however, all the shows were canceled because of rumors of the band breaking up.[63][nb 5] Taking Back Sunday issued a statement, explaining that: "There have been a series of personal events with members of the band [...] We need very much to take a step back at this time".[65] Reyes moved in with his girlfriend and toyed with the idea of taking the band name and restarting with an all-new lineup. He kept calling Cooper, Nolan and O'Connell in an attempt to reconcile.[56] Two months had passed before O'Connell contacted Lazzara and decided to continue the band.[7][19] Reyes received a call out of the blue from Breaking Pangaea frontman Fred Mascherino, whom he had known for years.[19] Mascherino subsequently auditioned for Nolan's place; on August 5, 2003, it was announced that Mascherino was a member of the band.[58][61]

Bassist Matt Rubano, who grew up with O'Connell, then joined the group.[58] O'Connell had asked Rubano to audition, but he was hesitant initially, since he was not a fan of emo music or aware of the band; however, he bought the album and learned Cooper's parts.[66][67] On August 12, 2003, the band appeared on IMX.[68] On September 16, 2003, "You're So Last Summer" was released as a radio single.[69] In November 2003, a music video for the track was filmed at Fulton Park in New York City. The video, directed by Winters, debuted on MTV on November 24.[70][71] In the video, the band performs while Public Enemy vocalist Flavor Flav (in full regalia) jumps around. According to Lazzara, the group was making fun of itself: "We had two guys leave our band and there were two main singers, so we were trying to think of a way to bring the new band members into the video, but not have Fred singing the old guy's part. And the funniest way to do that was to use Flavor Flav."[58] On December 3, 2003, the band appeared on IMX again.[72]

TouringEdit

After receiving a $10,000 advance from Victory Records, Taking Back Sunday purchased a van and trailer for touring.[13] In January 2002, the band toured with Rival Schools.[73] For three weeks beginning in mid-March 2002, Taking Back Sunday participated in the Victory Records tour alongside Catch 22, Grade, Student Rick and Reach the Sky.[52][73] In April and May 2002, the band started their first full tour of the United States supporting the Lawrence Arms.[13][20] This trek also included appearances at the Skate & Surf and Purgatory festivals.[74][75] During the first show of the tour, most of the crowd dispersed when the Lawrence Arms came on as Taking Back Sunday became the main draw.[13] The band then toured that summer supporting Brand New, alongside Rufio.[13][76] The tour had been in the works since the end of 2001; by that point, Nolan and Lacey had not spoken in around a year. Nolan viewed it as a sign that Lacey wanted to rebuild their friendship. After a week or two of the tour being underway, Taking Back Sunday joined Brand New onstage during their performances of "Seventy Times 7", and Lacey returned the favor for "There's No 'I' in Team".[13]

In addition, shows were often sold out and being upgraded to bigger venues, which would sell out. When this occurred, the group was given extra money. Nolan said: "And it was the first time we actually came home and had money, like we made money from the tour."[77] Until this point, the members would have gone back to work as soon as tours finished. Nolan said it was a "really big one for me [...] like, 'Wow, I'm not like just struggling to get by right now, we are actually kind of making a living doing this'".[77] In September 2002, they toured with Midtown and Recover on The Best Revenge Tour.[78] Four shows into the tour, Lazzara fell off the stage and gashed his face in two places and dislocated his hip.[79] The incident forced the group to drop out of the tour.[80] At the end of 2002, Taking Back Sunday toured with the Starting Line and Northstar.[81] The band opened 2003 touring with the Used and the Blood Brothers, and headlined the Takeover Tour in March and April 2003, with main support from From Autumn to Ashes and Recover; Breaking Pangaea, Somehow Hollow, My Chemical Romance and Count the Stars appeared on select dates.[82][83] Taking Back Sunday played on three 2003 Warped Tour shows, leading up to an appearance at Furnace Fest, which they headlined.[84] On September 9, 2003, the band performed on Jimmy Kimmel Live.[85] From September to November 2003, Taking Back Sunday co-headlined a tour with Saves the Day, supported by Moneen.[86] On November 11, 2003, the band appeared on Last Call with Carson Daly.[87]

Critical receptionEdit

Original release

Review scores

Source

Rating

AllMusic

[28]

Drowned in Sound

[88]

IGN

7.9/10[38]

Rolling Stone

[89]

Several reviewers took notice of how Taking Back Sunday executed the emo sound on Tell All Your Friends. AllMusic reviewer Kurt Morris said Taking Back Sunday's "ability ... to sound so blatantly" like the Movielife was "almost their undoing". He found them "a bit more rockin'" than the Movielife, having blended punk, hardcore, emo, and pop in a more successful fashion.[28] Chart Attack reviewer Steve Servos praised the band's quiet-loud dynamic approach, and noted that Lazzara's ability to switch easily from singing to screaming despite his "somewhat raspy voice" set it apart as a release that would "rival any emo record to come out for some time".[31] Rolling Stone's Gil Kaufman lauded how the album made the band sound unique among their emo peers, many times averting from "sad-sack emo pitfalls" into "pop-infused hardcore" and "enlightened, dramatic lyrics" describing "heartache that teeter[s] between despondency and dark vengeance".[89] Peter White of Drowned in Sound enthusiastically noted that the album, which featured "nihilistic" pop songs that often employed "monster riffs" and screams similar to Obituary, would be a landmark of a new musical movement, with the potential to shift nu metal bands such as Limp Bizkit out of the mainstream in favor of emo.[88] Kludge writer Ben Rayner applauded the band's overall execution of the "emo-punk blueprint", and noted that it would appeal to fans of Saves the Day and the Movielife.[29]

Despite praise for Taking Back Sunday's musical approach on Tell All Your Friends, some reviewers gave the album criticism for being too similar to other emo recordings around the time of its release. While Morris was mostly pleased with the release, he criticized the originality of the album's material,[28] and Servos noted a "cookie cutter" emo sound present.[31] Stuart Green of Exclaim! wrote positively of the release, but that while the album was "a spirited and well-produced" work, it arrived at a time when the presence of the music scene it belonged to was growing so rapidly that the album failed to stand out.[26] While BBC Music's Olli Siebelt echoed this concern, he also credited the band with making an effort to stand out by including influences from post-punk, nu metal and hardcore punk. According to Siebelt, Taking Back Sunday composed songs which were both "upbeat and emotionally aggressive". Siebelt compared the album to All and the Descendents, saying that it retained "enough of its own identity" to lift the band above its peers.[90]

Commercial performanceEdit

Before its release, Juarbe thought Tell All Your Friends was good but was unsure how it would do commercially. At the time, all of Victory's releases were gauged against Thursday, who had sold around 100,000 copies of their releases.[13] Although it was reported that 15,000 copies had been shipped,[52] only 2,000 copies were sold in the album's first week of release.[91] At the time, this was the biggest opening week for a new artist on Victory.[13] The album spent one week (at number 183) on the Billboard 200,[92][93] and 68 weeks on the Heatseekers Albums chart, peaking at number nine.[93][94] It spent 78 weeks on the Independent Albums chart, peaking at number eight,[95] and peaked at number 23 on the Catalog Albums chart.[96] It reached number 10 on the Independent Albums Year-end chart in 2003.[97]

Despite little airplay, Tell All Your Friends had sold 110,000 copies by March 2003;[53] near the end of the year, sales stood at 252,000.[98] By April 2004 the album had sold nearly 400,000 copies,[99] and by September 2005 it was certified gold by the RIAA.[100] By May 2009, the album had sold 790,000 copies in the US, eventually selling one million copies worldwide.[101][102] Tell All Your Friends is Taking Back Sunday and Victory Records' bestselling release.[101] It would also become Victory's longest-running record on the Billboard Heatseekers and Independent Albums charts.[103] "Great Romances of the 20th Century" charted at number 33 on UK Rock & Metal Singles chart in 2011.[104]

LegacyEdit

Retrospective reviews

Review scores

Source

Rating

AbsolutePunk

92%[34]

Alternative Press

[42]

Pitchfork

8/10[105]

Sputnikmusic

5/5[106]

Best-of lists, influence and retrospective reviewsEdit

Drowned in Sound included the album on their list of top albums of 2002.[107] According to Alternative Press's Philip Obenschain, Tell All Your Friends "has remained one of the scene's most celebrated and influential releases".[32] Despite its "not be[ing] their best sounding, most mature or highest in ambition ... it's Tell All Your Friends's intangible and emotionally charged energy, the uncertainty, the earnestness and the rough edges that make it so special".[108] The album was included in Rock Sound's 101 Modern Classics list at number 13, and the magazine considered it "[t]he Hybrid Theory of emo".[109] They later ranked it at number 35 on the list of best albums in their lifetime.[110] Billboard said "Cute Without the 'E' (Cut from the Team)" "basically helped popularize post-hardcore and emo to the public".[37] Austin Saalman of Under the Radar said the album was a "central influence" on the third wave of emo, "which soon unfolded and ultimately dominated '00s popular culture".[111] Tell All Your Friends has been included on several best-of emo album lists by A.Side TV,[112] Alternative Press,[113] Houston Press,[114] Junkee,[115] NME,[116] and Rolling Stone,[24] as well as by journalists Leslie Simon and Trevor Kelley in their book Everybody Hurts: An Essential Guide to Emo Culture (2007).[117] Similarly, "Cute Without the 'E' (Cut from the Team)" appeared on a best-of emo songs list by Vulture, while Alternative Press included "You're So Last Summer" and "Cute Without the 'E' (Cut from the Team)" at numbers 81 and 5, respectively, on their list of the best 100 singles from the 2000s.[118][119] Brandon McMaster of the Crimson Armada cited the album as an influence, while Derek Sanders of Mayday Parade has expressed admiration for it.[120][121] CMJ New Music Monthly writer Andrew Bonazelli predicted that the record would be "a solid bet for the future of rock radio [...] Should pimp-metal eventually go the way of the grunge or glam-rock dodo, the masses' ears just might be taken back by Taking Back Sunday."[30][nb 6]

Chris Collum wrote for AbsolutePunk that Tell All Your Friends "grabs the listener's attention from the start" and the album expressed "feelings that are completely genuine, not contrived, rehearsed or formulaic, without being over-the-top or sappy". Collum called Lazzara and Nolan's vocal delivery "rapid-fire" in a "back-and-forth way, as if they were carrying on a dialogue, [that] allows you to really attach to and get a sense of the raw emotion behind the songs".[34] In a retrospective review for Alternative Press, Brendan Manley wrote that the album "is as close as it gets to a modern masterpiece, capturing not just a band at their apex, but an entire scene". According to Manley, Tell All Your Friends was "the crossover breaking point, finally bringing what had been percolating for years in East Coast VFW Halls to the attention of the masses".[42] Channing Freeman of Sputnikmusic wrote that the album features "power chords and clean strums and palm muting and reverb". About whether this was negative, Freeman said, "With songs this good, it shouldn't be ... It's all here, solid and undeniably catchy."[106] Jonathan Bradley wrote for Stylus that although the album "is notable not so much for being a blueprint as it is a playbook", it would "provide the perfect How-To guide for teenagers with guitars all over the United States and beyond".[125]

Related releases, members' opinions and anniversary celebrationsEdit

A CD/DVD version of the album was released in November 2005.[126] The CD included "The Ballad of Sal Villanueva" and an acoustic version of "Cute Without the 'E' (Cut from the Team)" as bonus tracks; live acoustic versions of "You Know How I Do" and "Cute Without the 'E' (Cut from the Team)", and an interview as enhanced content. The DVD featured the music videos to "Cute Without the 'E' (Cut from the Team)", "You're So Last Summer", "Great Romances of the 20th Century" and "Timberwolves at New Jersey".[127] Four of the album's tracks were included as part of the Notes from the Past compilation in 2007.[128] Tell All Your Friends was performed live in its entirety at Bamboozle 2011.[129] In a 2011 interview with CMJ, Lazzara and Nolan chose the album's final track ("Head Club") as their least-favorite Taking Back Sunday song.[130] In 2015, Lazzara said that he disliked his vocals on the album: "I was just yelling everything hoping it fit in there somehow, trying to paint with some strange color."[50]

To celebrate Tell All Your Friends's 10th anniversary, the band toured the US in October and November 2012 with support from Bayside.[131] In November, the album charted on the Billboard Vinyl Albums chart, peaking at number eight.[132] In June 2013, the band released a live acoustic version of the album and a companion film, TAYF10 Acoustic.[133] The recordings were made in Los Angeles and Chicago. In September, the band performed two electric versions of the album in New Jersey.[134] TAYF10 Acoustic and TAYF10: Live from Starland Ballroom were released as a double-DVD set in December, and TAYF10 Acoustic was released on vinyl.[135] In 2014, Cooper said that Warner Bros. wanted the group to re-record Tell All Your Friends during the Taking Back Sunday (2011) sessions; Cooper replied to them, "Are you nuts?"[136] Throughout 2019, the band performed Tell All Your Friends in its entirety for their 20th anniversary world tour.[137] To help promote the tour, a career-spanning compilation Twenty (2019) was released, which included "Cute Without the 'E' (Cut from the Team)", "You're So Last Summer" and "Timberwolves at New Jersey" from Tell All Your Friends.[138][139] A remastered version of Tell All Your Friends was released on vinyl in 2019; a 20th anniversary edition is scheduled for release in May 2022.[140][141]

Track listingEdit

All music written by Taking Back Sunday. All lyrics written by Adam Lazzara and John Nolan. All recordings produced by Sal Villanueva.[16]

Tell All Your Friends standard edition track listing

No.

Title

Length

1.

"You Know How I Do"

3:21

2.

"Bike Scene"

3:35

3.

"Cute Without the 'E' (Cut from the Team)"

3:31

4.

"There's No 'I' in Team"

3:48

5.

"Great Romances of the 20th Century"

3:35

6.

"Ghost Man on Third"

3:59

7.

"Timberwolves at New Jersey"

3:23

8.

"The Blue Channel"

2:30

9.

"You're So Last Summer"

2:59

10.

"Head Club"

3:01

Victory Records vinyl-only bonus track

No.

Title

Length

11.

"The Ballad of Sal Villanueva"

3:52

Reissue CD bonus tracks

No.

Title

Length

11.

"The Ballad of Sal Villanueva"

3:52

12.

"Cute Without the 'E' (Cut from the Team)" (acoustic)

4:26

13.

"You Know How I Do" (live acoustic video) (enhanced material)

14.

"Cute Without the 'E' (Cut from the Team)" (live acoustic video) (enhanced material)

15.

"Exclusive interview with original members" (video) (enhanced material)

Reissue DVD

No.

Title

Length

1.

"Cute Without the 'E' (Cut from the Team)" (music video)

3:33

2.

"You're So Last Summer" (music video)

3:07

3.

"Great Romances of the 20th Century" (music video)

3:36

4.

"Timberwolves at New Jersey" (music video)

3:34

Tell All Your Friends: 20th Anniversary Edition bonus tracks

No.

Title

Length

11.

"Great Romances of the 20th Century" (demo)

12.

"The Blue Channel" (demo)

13.

"Bike Scene" (demo)

14.

"Mutual Head Club" (demo)

PersonnelEdit

Personnel per booklet and back cover.[16][21]

Taking Back SundayEdit

Shaun Cooper – bass guitar

Adam Lazzara – lead vocals

John Nolan – lead guitar, keyboard, vocals

Mark O'Connell – drums, percussion

Eddie Reyes – rhythm guitar

Additional musiciansEdit

Neil Rubenstein – vocals (tracks 4, 7, and 10)

Michelle Nolan – vocals (tracks 2 and 6)

Matt McDannell – vocals (track 10)

Sal Villaneuva – guitar

ProductionEdit

Sal Villanueva – producer, mixing

Michele Logo – photography

John Clark – front cover artwork

Adam Lazzara – back tray photo

Patrick Larson – layout

Rumblefish – mixing

Erin Farley – engineer

Tim Gilles – engineer, mastering

Arun Venkatesh – engineer

ChartsEdit

Weekly chartsEdit

Chart performance for the original release of Tell All Your Friends

Chart (2002–04)

Peak

position

US Billboard 200[92]

183

US Top Catalog Albums (Billboard)[96]

23

US Heatseekers Albums (Billboard)[94]

9

US Independent Albums (Billboard)[95]

8

Chart performance for the reissue of Tell All Your Friends

Chart (2012)

Peak

position

US Vinyl Albums (Billboard)[132]

8

Year-end chartsEdit

Year-end chart performance for Tell All Your Friends

Chart (2003)

Position

US Billboard Independent Albums Year-end[97]

10

CertificationsEdit

Certifications for Tell All Your Friends

Region

Certification

Certified units/sales

United States (RIAA)[142]

Gold

790,000[101]

Notes and referencesEdit

FootnotesEdit

^ Nolan said the name was taken from the song "Taking Back Sunday" by the Waiting Process, with whom they were friends.[4]

^ Rubenstein, Lacey, Nolan and Lazzara were part of a songwriting collective known as the Long Island Band Pool. If a musician had a lyric they could not use, they suggested it to another member of the collective. Lazzara called it "a real communal thing happening at the time".[10] Rubenstein contributed the lines "best bet worst ex" to "Bike Scene" and "Don't call my name out your window; I'm leaving" to "Head Club".[16]

^ Lacey had become hostile towards Lazzara and Taking Back Sunday. This situation, according to Alternative Press, "spawned one of the most public intra-band rivalries in emo history".[8] It has been suggested that Brand New's "Mixtape" and Taking Back Sunday's "Timberwolves at New Jersey" are, in-part, about the incident. The feud has been viewed as overblown: to begin with Nolan received a thank-you credit in the liner notes for Your Favorite Weapon, and the same for Lacey in the liner notes for Tell All Your Friends. Additionally, Lacey joined Taking Back Sunday onstage for a combined performance of "Seventy Times 7" and "There's No 'I' in Team" in 2002.[44] Subsequent allusions to the feud include Brand New shirts that reference Lazzara's fondness of microphone swinging during shows, to which Taking Back Sunday retorted with shirts that double-downed on the swinging aspect.[44][45] However, in 2015, Lazzara described Lacey as "a dick. He just sucks. He's not a good person."[46]

^ The meeting served as the last time Nolan spoke to Lazzara in seven years.[56] Nolan and Cooper later returned to Taking Back Sunday in March 2010.[62]

^ Brand New later toured the UK with Straylight Run supporting them in January 2004.[64]

^ Rather than glam rock, Bonazelli may actually be referring to glam metal, whose mainstream popularity was replaced by grunge.[122] Nu metal, which had seen mainstream success through the 1990s, indeed began to fade by this time,[123] and emo would become a mainstream fixture in music by the summer of 2002.[124]

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^ "Taking Back Sunday announce 'Tell All Your Friends Acoustic'". Big Cheese. June 6, 2013. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved July 16, 2016.

^ Jamieson, Sarah (June 5, 2013). "Taking Back Sunday To Release 'Tell All Your Friends' Acoustic". DIY. Archived from the original on July 17, 2016. Retrieved July 16, 2016.

^ Obenschain, Philip (November 19, 2013). "Taking Back Sunday to self-release 'TAYF10: Acoustic' vinyl, double DVD with 'Live From Starland'". Alternative Press. Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved July 16, 2016.

^ Tate, Jason (April 14, 2014). "Warner Brothers Wanted Taking Back Sunday to Re-Record Debut Album – News Article". AbsolutePunk. Archived from the original on May 3, 2014. Retrieved July 17, 2016.

^ Sacher, Andrew (October 9, 2018). "Taking Back Sunday announce 20th anniversary tour, playing first 3 albums". BrooklynVegan. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved May 21, 2019.

^ Colburn, Randall (October 9, 2018). "Taking Back Sunday announce 20th anniversary tour, compilation album". Consequence of Sound. Archived from the original on June 25, 2021. Retrieved May 29, 2019.

^ Taking Back Sunday (2019). Twenty (booklet). Craft Recordings. CR00151.

^ Taking Back Sunday (2019). Tell All Your Friends (sleeve). Craft Recordings. CR00167.

^ Carter, Emily (March 23, 2022). "Taking Back Sunday announce Tell All Your Friends 20th anniversary reissue". Kerrang!. Archived from the original on March 23, 2022. Retrieved March 24, 2022.

^ "American album certifications – Taking Back Sunday – Tell All Your Friends". Recording Industry Association of America.

SourcesEdit

Azerrad, Michael (1994). Come as You Are: The Story of Nirvana. New York City, New York, United States: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-47199-8.

Bonazelli, Andrew (May 2002). "Reviews". CMJ New Music Monthly. No. 101. ISSN 1074-6978.

CMJ (June 22, 2011). CMJ TV: Taking Back Sunday. Archived from the original on April 6, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2012 – via YouTube.

Greenwald, Andy (2003). Nothing Feels Good: Punk Rock, Teenagers, and Emo. New York City, New York, United States: St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 978-0-312-30863-6.

Hart, Gerry (March 18, 2002). "Points of Impact". CMJ New Music Report. Vol. 70, no. 754. ISSN 0890-0795.

Levine, Sharon (March 1, 2003). "Victory Uses Internet, Samples, Retail Marketing To Promote TBS". Billboard. Vol. 115, no. 9. ISSN 0006-2510.

Manley, Brendan (July 2011). "Great Romances of the 21st Century: Roots, Rock, Ruin, Redemption". Alternative Press. No. 276. ISSN 1065-1667.

Morris, Chris (December 27, 2003). "Breakthroughs And Swan Songs". Billboard. Vol. 115, no. 52. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on February 16, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2020.

Napier, Patrick, ed. (April 2019). "The 250 Greatest Albums Of Our Lifetime". Rock Sound. No. 250. London. ISSN 1465-0185.

Orshoski, Wes, ed. (November 22, 2003). "Addin' Da Flavor". Billboard. Vol. 115, no. 47. ISSN 0006-2510.

Reesman, Bryan (April 3, 2004). "Victory Scores With Indie Grit". Billboard. Vol. 116, no. 14. ISSN 0006-2510.

Reesman, Bryan (April 3, 2004). "Victory's Brummel Sets Long-Term Goals". Billboard. Vol. 116, no. 14. ISSN 0006-2510.

Sharpe-Young, Garry (2005). New Wave of American Heavy Metal (1st ed.). New Plymouth, New Zealand: Zonda Books. ISBN 9780958268400.

Simon, Leslie; Kelley, Trevor (2007). Everybody Hurts: An Essential Guide to Emo Culture. New York City: HarperEntertainment. ISBN 978-0-06-119539-6.

Simon, Leslie (2009). Wish You Were Here: An Essential Guide to Your Favorite Music Scenes―from Punk to Indie and Everything in Between. New York City: Harper. ISBN 978-0-06-157371-2.

Taking Back Sunday (2005). Exclusive Interview With Original Members (Enhanced CD). Victory Records. VR286-2.

Taking Back Sunday (March 28, 2019). Taking Back Sunday on Tell All Your Friends (Album by Album Series). Archived from the original on December 12, 2021 – via YouTube.

Wood, Mikael (May 16, 2009). "Sunday Styles". Billboard. Vol. 121, no. 19. ISSN 0006-2510.

External linksEdit

Tell All Your Friends at YouTube (streamed copy where licensed)

Tell All Your Friends microsite hosted by Victory Records

Last edited 1 hour ago by Rabbithawk256

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Insignia of the 1st Armoured Division

... that the 1st Armoured Division of the British Army chose a white rhinoceros on a black oval as their insignia (pictured)?

... that Bertha McNeill challenged policies of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom that excluded Black women from full membership in the organization?

... that the concert series Regine at the Theater was conceived two years earlier but was delayed after singer Regine Velasquez suffered acid reflux?

... that Hodges Figgis, a bookseller in Dublin, celebrated its 250th year with the largest ever anthology of new Irish writing, with 250 contributors?

... that two American officers bribed Japanese troops with their watches to have Dutch medical officer Henri Hekking allocated to their prisoner of war camp?

... that at least 14 people were killed during the 1978 Tabriz protests in Iran, which were meant to commemorate the dead in the 1978 Qom protest?

... that the Unitized Group Ration – Express is designed to heat food itself without the need of a field kitchen?

... that on his death, medical historian Edgar Underwood was described by The Times as one of the last of a dying race, the "canny Scot"?

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Somapura Mahavihara is a Buddhist vihara (monastery) at Paharpur in Badalgachhi, Bangladesh. Built during the reign of the second Pala king Dharmapala (circa 781 to 821), it was one of five great Mahaviharas of the period. It is considered one of the most important archaeological sites in the country and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. This aerial photograph, depicting the structure of the central shrine of Somapura Mahavihara, was taken in 2021.

Photograph credit: Md. Ahsanul Haque Nayem


Capítulo 84: March 27, 2023

today's featured article

USS Princess Matoika

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USS Princess Matoika (ID-2290) was a transport ship for the United States Navy during World War I. Before the war, she was a Barbarossa-class ocean liner that sailed as SS Kiautschou for the Hamburg America Line and as SS Princess Alice (sometimes spelled Prinzess Alice) for North German Lloyd. After the war she served as the United States Army transport ship USAT Princess Matoika. In post-war civilian service she was SS Princess Matoika until 1922, SS President Arthur until 1927, and SS City of Honolulu until she was scrapped in 1933.

USS Princess Matoika (ID-2290) under way in 1919

History

German Empire

Name

1900: SS Kiautschou

1904: SS Princess Alice

Namesake

1900: Kiautschou, German colony in China

1904:

One or all of (see text):

Princess Alice, daughter of Queen Victoria

Princess Alice of Albany, granddaughter of Queen Victoria

Alice Roosevelt, daughter of Theodore Roosevelt nicknamed "Princess Alice"

Pocahontas nicknamed Matoika"

Owner

1900: HAPAG

1904: North German Lloyd (NDL)

Port of registry

1900: Hamburg

1904: Bremen

Route

1900: Hamburg–Far East

1904: Bremen–New York

1905–05: Bremen–Suez Canal–Far East

1905–10: Bremen–Cherbourg–New York

1910–1914: Bremen–Suez Canal–Far East

Builder

AG Vulcan Stettin, Stettin, Germany

(present-day Szczecin, Poland)

Launched

14 September 1900

Maiden voyage

Hamburg–Far East, 25 December 1900

Fate

Interned at Cebu, Philippines, 1914; seized by United States, April 1917

United States

Name

1918: USS Princess Matoika (ID-2290)

1919: USAT Princess Matoika

Namesake

Princess Matoika (variant spelling of given name of Pocahontas)

Owner

1918: United States Navy

1919: War Department

Operator

1918: U.S. Navy

1919: U.S. Army

Acquired

seized by United States, April 1917

In service

19 September 1919

Out of service

After September 1920

Fate

Transferred to United States Shipping Board

United States

Name

1921: SS Princess Matoika

1922: SS President Arthur

1926: SS City of Honolulu

Namesake

1922: Chester A. Arthur, 21st U.S. President

1926: City of Honolulu

Owner

1921: United States Shipping Board

1924: American Palestine Line

1926: Los Angeles Steamship Company (LASSCO)

Operator

January 1921: United States Mail Steamship Line

August 1921: United States Lines

1924: American Palestine Line

1926: Los Angeles Steamship Company

Route

January 1921: New York–Naples–Genoa

May 1921: New York–Bremen

1923: (laid up)

1925: New York–Naples–Haifa

1927: Los Angeles–Hawaii

1930: (laid up)

Fate

Burned, 1930; sold for scrap, 1934

General characteristics

Class and type

Barbarossa-class ocean liner[3]

Tonnage

As built: 10,911 GRT[2]

1921: 10,421 GRT[5]

1926: 10,680 GRT[6]

Displacement

20,500 t[1]

Length

1900: 159.55 m (523 ft 5 in)[2]

1904: 166.10 m (544 ft 11 in)[4]

Beam

18.32 m (60 ft 1 in)[2] 1918: 61 ft (19 m)[1]

Draft

1918: 29 ft 6 in (8.99 m)[1]

Propulsion

Twin screws

2 quadruple-expansion steam engines[2]

Speed

1900: 15 knots (28 km/h)[2]

1904: 15.5 knots (28.7 km/h)[4]

1918: 16 knots (30 km/h)[1]

1925: 19.7 knots (36.5 km/h), maximum[9]

1926: 16 knots (30 km/h)[6]

Capacity

Passengers (as built):[4]

327 first class

103 second class

80 third class

1,700 steerage

1904:[4]

255 first class

115 second class

1,666 steerage

1921:[5]

350 cabin class

500 third class

1925:[8]

675 passengers

1927:[6]

450 first class

50 third class

Cargo:

4,000 short tons (3,600 t)[8]

Troops

1918:[7]3,500

3,900 after Armistice

Complement

1918: 449[1]

Crew

1904: 207–248[4]

1921: 260[5]

Armament

1918: 4 × 6-inch (150 mm) guns[1]

Built in 1900 for the German Far East mail routes, SS Kiautschou traveled between Hamburg and Far East ports for most of her Hamburg America Line career. In 1904, she was traded to competitor North German Lloyd for five freighters, and renamed SS Princess Alice. She sailed both transatlantic and Far East mail routes until the outbreak of World War I, when she was interned in the neutral port of Cebu in the Philippines. Seized by the U.S. in 1917, the newly renamed USS Princess Matoika carried more than fifty thousand U.S. troops to and from France in U.S. Navy service from 1918 to 1919. As an Army transport after that, she continued to return troops and repatriated the remains of Americans killed overseas in the war. In July 1920 she was a last-minute substitute to carry a large portion of the United States team to the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp. From the perspective of the Olympic team, the trip was disastrous and a majority of the team members published a list of grievances and demands of the American Olympic Committee in an action known today as the Mutiny of the Matoika.

After her Army career ended, Princess Matoika was transferred to the United States Mail Steamship Line for European passenger service in early 1921. After that company's financial troubles resulted in her seizure, Princess Matoika was assigned to the newly formed United States Lines and resumed passenger service. In 1922 the ship was renamed SS President Arthur, in honor of the 21st U.S. President, Chester A. Arthur. When changes in U.S. laws severely curtailed the number of immigrants that could enter the country in the early 1920s, the ship was laid up in Baltimore in late 1923.

President Arthur was purchased in October 1924 by the Jewish-owned American Palestine Line to begin regular service between New York, Naples, and Palestine. On her maiden voyage to Palestine she reportedly became the first ocean liner to fly the Zionist flag at sea and the first ocean liner ever to have female officers. Financial difficulties for American Palestine ended the service after three roundtrips, and the liner was sold to the Los Angeles Steamship Company for Los Angeles–Honolulu service. Following three years of carrying tourists and freight, the liner burned in Honolulu Harbor in 1930. She was deemed too expensive to repair and was eventually scrapped in Japan in 1933.

Contents

Hamburg America LineEdit

In March 1900 the Hamburg America Line (German: Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Aktien-Gesellschaft or HAPAG) announced the plans for 22 new ships totaling 150,000 gross register tons (GRT) at a cost of $11 million. One of the two largest ships announced was SS Kiautschou at an announced 10,200 GRT.[10] The ship was laid down at AG Vulcan Stettin in Stettin, Germany (present-day Szczecin, Poland).[4] During her construction, HAPAG renamed the ship twice before finally settling on Kiautschou, the German colony in China, as her namesake.[11] Built, along with sister ship Hamburg, for HAPAG's entry into the Deutsche Reichspost's Far East routes, Kiautschou was launched on 14 September 1900, and sailed on her maiden voyage from Hamburg to the Far East on 22 December 1900.[12]

The ship was 525 feet (160 m) long and featured twin screws powered by two quadruple expansion steam engines that generated 9,000 horsepower (6,700 kW). The liner also featured bilge keels that helped stabilize her ride. Kiautschou's first-class staterooms were described as "light and large" and located in the center of the ship. She had two large promenade decks, a music room, and a library. Her smoking room was at the rear of the upper promenade deck, and her large dining room featured a balcony where the ship's orchestra could serenade diners.[13]

Kiautschou sailed on the Hamburg–Far East route until May 1902. For one round trip that month, Kiautschou replaced fellow HAPAG steamer Deutschland on Hamburg–New York service,[14] calling at Southampton and Cherbourg on her eastbound trip,[15] and at Cherbourg and Plymouth on her westbound return.[16] After this one transatlantic excursion, Kiautschou was returned to Hamburg–Far East service.[12] On 20 February 1904, in exchange for abandoning the mail routes shared with North German Lloyd, HAPAG traded Kiautschou for Lloyd freighters Bamberg, Königsberg, Nürnberg, Stolberg, and Strassburg.[4]

North German LloydEdit

North German Lloyd renamed the newly acquired ship Princess Alice,[2][4] though the German spelling Prinzess Alice was widely used in contemporary press coverage and, often, by the Lloyd themselves.[4] There is some confusion as to who exactly was the namesake of the ship. Edwin Drechsel, in his two-volume work Norddeutscher Lloyd, Bremen, 1857–1970, reports that the ship was named equally for Princess Alice of Albany and Alice Roosevelt.[4] Princess Alice of Albany was a granddaughter of Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom, and the new bride of Prince Alexander of Teck in Württemberg.[17] Alice Roosevelt, daughter of the then-current U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, was nicknamed "Princess Alice" by the press, and had launched the racing yacht of Kaiser Wilhelm II, Meteor, at Staten Island two years before.[18] William Lowell Putnam gives the namesake as Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, the daughter of Queen Victoria.[19]

SS Princess Alice was named for one or more of these (from left): Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, Princess Alice of Albany, "Princess" Alice Roosevelt.

Princess Alice departed her new homeport of Bremen on 22 March 1904 for her maiden voyage under her new owners.[2] After arriving in New York draped in flags and bunting, her dining room was the site of a press luncheon thrown by Lloyd staff celebrating her first arrival in that city.[13] Princess Alice made four more roundtrips through early August, then shifted to Bremen–Suez Canal–Far East service, making her first Lloyd voyage on that route 31 August.[12] Princess Alice would continue this pattern—sailing the North Atlantic during the heaviest-trafficked season and shifting to the Far East runs for the balance of the year—through 1910.[13][5]

Throughout the rest of her Lloyd North Atlantic career she carried some notable passengers to and from Europe. In May 1905, for example, noted Baltimore gynecologist Howard Atwood Kelly, one of the co-founders of Johns Hopkins Hospital, sailed from New York;[20] author Hamilton Wright Mabie and his wife sailed from New York the following month.[21] American botanist Charles Frederick Millspaugh returned to New York aboard the German liner in June 1906,[22] and retired U.S. Navy Rear admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan did the same in June 1907.[23] Senator Augustus O. Bacon (D-GA), sailed for Europe on 1 August 1908.[24]

Prompted by the successful use of wireless in saving lives during the sinking of RMS Republic in January 1909, and by proposed U.S. legislation (later passed as the Wireless Ship Act of 1910) requiring wireless for ships calling at U.S. ports, Princess Alice received her first wireless set in February 1909.[25][26] Operating with call letters "DKZ" on the 300 m band, her radio had a 250-mile (400 km) range.[27]

Senator A. O. Bacon, left, and retired Rear Admiral A. T. Mahan sailed on Princess Alice in the 1900s.

At 10:00 on 27 May 1909, loaded with more than a thousand passengers headed for Europe, Princess Alice departed the Lloyd pier in Hoboken, New Jersey. As she neared The Narrows in a heavy fog, she steamed to stay clear of outbound French Line steamer La Bretagne and ran hard aground on a submerged rocky ledge near the seawall of Fort Wadsworth a few minutes after 11:00.[28][29] After the fog lifted, it was revealed that the bow of Princess Alice had stopped some 5 feet (1.5 m) from the outer walls of the Staten Island fort. Lighthouse tender Larkspur was the first ship to come to the aid of the Princess, followed by U.S. Army Quartermaster's ship General Meigs and revenue cutter Seneca. No passengers were hurt in the incident and it was determined there was no damage to the hull of the liner. But, despite the effort of attending ships, she remained stuck on the ledge.[28] Eventually, after offloading 500 short tons (450 t) of cargo from her front hold onto lighters called to the scene, ten steam tugs and power from Princess Alice's own engines freed the ship at 01:47 on 28 May, almost fifteen hours after running aground. The force required to free the liner was great enough that she was then propelled into SS Marken, at anchor some distance away, damaging one of that ship's fenders.[29] After then making her way to the nearby New York City Quarantine Station, Princess Alice anchored to reload her cargo, and by 09:05, she was underway again. However, she ran aground again in soft mud in Ambrose Channel at 10:15. This time she was able to free herself and proceeded on to Bremen, a little more than 24 hours late.[28] This voyage was further marred by the apparent suicide of a despondent New York attorney on 30 May. The man, headed to the spa town of Bad Nauheim in Hesse, had previously suffered a nervous breakdown and was under the care of a doctor on board the ship at the time he jumped overboard.[30]

SS Princess Alice is pictured during her internment at Cebu, Philippines, c. 1914–1916.

In May 1910 Princess Alice sailed her last North Atlantic passage for her German owners.[5] Put permanently on the Far East route, she plied Pacific waters for North German Lloyd until the outbreak of World War I. In late July 1914, as war spread across Europe, Princess Alice neared her destination of Hong Kong with £850,000 of gold from India. Rather than face seizure of the ship and her cargo by British authorities there, Princess Alice instead sped to the Philippines and deposited the gold with the German Consul at Manila. Leaving the neutral port in under 24 hours, the ship then rendezvoused with German cruiser Emden at Angaur before returning to the Philippines in early August and putting in at Cebu where she was interned.[4]

USS Princess MatoikaEdit

On 6 April 1917 the United States declared war and immediately seized interned German ships at U.S. and territorial ports, but unlike most other German ships interned by the United States, Princess Alice had not been sabotaged by her German crew before her seizure.[3] Assigned the Identification Number of 2290, she was soon renamed Princess Matoika. Sources disagree about the identity of the ship's namesake, who is often reported as either a member of the Philippine Royal Family,[31] or a Japanese princess.[32] Putnam, however, provides another answer: one of the given names of Pocahontas was Matoaka, which was sometimes spelled Matoika.[33] The newly renamed ship was taken to Olongapo City, 60 miles (97 km) north of Manila and placed in the drydock Dewey at Subic Bay where temporary repairs were made. She then made her way to San Francisco, and eventually to the east coast.[31] Princess Matoika was the last ex-German ship to be commissioned.[34]

Transporting troops to FranceEdit

Placed under the command of William D. Leahy in April 1918, the ship was readied for her first transatlantic troop run.[35] At Newport News, Virginia, elements of the 4th Infantry Division boarded on 9 May.[36] Sailing at 18:30 the next day, Princess Matoika was accompanied by American transports Pastores, Wilhelmina, Lenape, Antigone, and Susquehanna, the British steamer Kursk, and the Italian Duca d'Aosta. The group rendezvoused with a similar group that left New York the same day, consisting of President Lincoln, Covington, Rijndam, British troopship Dwinsk, and Italian steamers Caserta and Dante Alighieri.[37][38] American cruiser Frederick served as escort for the assembled ships, which were the 35th U.S. convoy of the war.[37] During the voyage—because of the inability to finish serving three meals for all the men during daylight hours—mess service was curtailed to two daily meals, a practice continued on later voyages.[39][40] On 20 May the convoy sighted and fired on a "submarine" that turned out to be a bucket; the next day escort Frederick left the convoy after being relieved by nine destroyers. Three days later the convoy sighted land at 06:30 and anchored at Brest that afternoon.[39] Princess Matoika sailed for Newport News and arrived there safely on 6 June with Pastores and Lenape. Fate, however, was not as kind to former convoy mates President Lincoln and Dwinsk. On their return journeys they were sunk by German submarines U-90 and U-151, respectively.[41][42]

Officers and crew of Princess Matoika in 1918

After loading officers and men from the 29th Infantry Division on 13 June[32] Princess Matoika set sail from Newport News the next day with Wilhelmina, Pastores, Lenape, and British troopship Czar. On the morning of 16 June lookouts on Princess Matoika spotted a submarine and, soon after, a torpedo heading directly for the ship. The torpedo missed her by a few yards and gunners manning the ship's 6-inch (150 mm) guns claimed a hit on the sub with their second shot.[43] Later that morning, the Newport News ships met up with the New York portion of the convoy—which included DeKalb, Finland, Kroonland, George Washington, Covington, Rijndam, Dante Alighieri, and British steamer Vauben—and set out for France.[44][45] The convoy was escorted by cruisers North Carolina and Frederick, and destroyers Stevens and Fairfax;[45] battleship Texas and several other destroyers joined in escort duties for the group for a time.[44] The convoy had a false alarm when a floating barrel was mistaken for submarine, but otherwise uneventfully arrived at Brest on the afternoon of 27 June.[45][46] Princess Matoika, Covington, Lenape, Rijndam, George Washington, DeKalb, Wilhelmina, and Dante Alighieri left Brest as a group on 30 June.[47] The following evening at 21:15, Covington was torpedoed by U-86 and sank the next afternoon.[47][48] Princess Matoika and Wilhelmina arrived back at Newport News on 13 July.[45]

William D. Leahy (seen here c. 1945) earned the Navy Cross while commander of USS Princess Matoika in 1918.

Around this time, Commander Leahy left Princess Matoika to serve as Director of Gunnery Exercises and Engineering Performance in Washington.[49] For his service on Princess Matoika, though, Leahy was awarded the Navy Cross. He was cited for distinguished service as commander of the ship while "engaged in the important, exacting and hazardous duty of transporting and escorting troops and supplies through waters infested with enemy submarines and mines".[50]

Over the next months Princess Matoika successfully completed two additional roundtrips from Newport News. On the first trip, she left Newport News with DeKalb, Dante Alighiere, Wilhelmina, Pastores, and British troopship Czaritza on 18 July.[38][51] The group joined a New York contingent and arrived in France on 30 July. Departing soon after, the Princess returned to Newport News on 13 August.[51] Nine days later she departed in the company of the same ships from her last convoy—with French steamer Lutetia replacing DeKalb—and arrived in France on 3 September.[38][52] Princess Matoika returned stateside two weeks later.[52]

On 23 September Princess Matoika departed New York with 3,661 officers and men accompanied by transports President Grant, Mongolia, Rijndam, Wilhelmina, British steamer Ascanius, and was escorted by battleship Georgia, cruisers Montana and North Carolina, and destroyer Rathburne.[53] As with other Navy ships throughout 1918,[54] Princess Matoika was not immune to the worldwide Spanish flu pandemic. On this particular crossing, two of her crewmen were felled by the disease as her convoy reached Saint-Nazaire on 6 October.[53][55] After her return to the U.S. on 21 October, she departed New York once again on 28 October, arriving in France on 9 November, two days before the Armistice.[56] In all she carried 21,216 troops to France on her six trips overseas.[57]

Returning troops homeEdit

With the fighting at an end, the task of bringing home American soldiers began almost immediately.[58] Princess Matoika did her part by carrying home 30,110 healthy and wounded men in eight roundtrips.[57] On 20 December, three thousand troops boarded her and departed France for Newport News, arriving there on 1 January 1919.[59][60] Among those carried were Major General Charles T. Menoher, the newly appointed chief of the air service, and elements of the 39th Infantry Division.[60] The Matoika arrived with another two thousand troops on 11 February.[61]

A combined Army–Navy band greets soldiers boarding Princess Matoika to return to the United States.

At rest during a boat drill

In March 1919 Princess Matoika and Rijndam raced each other from Saint-Nazaire to Newport News in a friendly competition that received national press coverage in the United States.[62][63] Rijndam, the slower ship, was just able to edge out the Princess—and cut two days from her previous fastest crossing time—by appealing to the honor of the soldiers of the 133rd Field Artillery (returning home aboard the former Holland America liner) and employing them as extra stokers for her boilers.[64]

On her next trip the veteran transport loaded troops at Saint-Nazaire that included nine complete hospital units. After two days delay because of storms in the Bay of Biscay, Princess Matoika departed on 16 April, and arrived at Newport News on 27 April with 3,500 troops.[65][66] Shifting south to Charleston, South Carolina, the Matoika embarked 2,200 former German prisoners of war (POWs) and hauled them to Rotterdam.[67] This trip was followed up in May with the return of portions of the 79th Infantry Division from Saint-Nazaire to New York.[68]

In mid-July Princess Matoika delivered another load of 1,900 former German POWs from Charleston to Rotterdam; most of these prisoners were officers and men from interned German passenger liners and included Captain Heinler the former commander of Vaterland. One former POW, shortly after debarking in Europe, presciently commented that "this [was] no peace; only a temporary truce".[69] After loading American crews of returned Dutch ships, Princess Matoika called at Antwerp and Brest before returning to New York on 1 August.[69][70]

The ship departed New York on 8 August for her final roundtrip as a Navy transport.[71] She departed Brest 23 August and returned to New York on 10 September. She was decommissioned there on 19 September, and handed over to the War Department for use as a United States Army transport.[57][72]

USAT Princess MatoikaEdit

These six U.S. Navy Petty Officers, posing on the deck of USAT Princess Matoika, were part of a Navy group headed to attempt a transatlantic flight in the rigid airship R38 from the United Kingdom. Chief Boatswain's Mate M. Lay (front center) and Chief Machinist's Mate W.A. Julius (rear left) were among the 45 men killed in the crash of the airship on 24 August 1921.

As her career as an Army transport began, Princess Matoika picked up where her Navy career had ended and continued the return of American troops from Europe. After returning to France she loaded 2,965 troops at Brest—including Brigadier General W. P. Richardson and members of the Polar Bear Expedition, part of the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War—for a return to New York on 15 October.[73][74] In December, Congressman Charles H. Randall (Prohibitionist-CA) and his wife sailed on the Matoika to Puerto Rico and the Panama Canal.[75]

On 5 April Princess Matoika carried a group of 18 men and three officers of the U.S. Navy who were to attempt a transatlantic flight in the rigid airship R38, being built in England for the Navy. Several of the group that traveled on the Matoika were among the 45 men killed when the airship crashed on 24 August 1921.[76][77]

In May 1920 Princess Matoika took on board the bodies of ten female nurses and more than four hundred soldiers who had died while on duty in France during the war. The ship then transited the Kiel Canal and picked up 1,600 U.S. residents of Polish descent at Danzig, all of whom had enlisted in the Polish Army at the outset of the war. Also included among the passengers were 500 U.S. soldiers who had been released from occupation duty at Koblenz. The ship arrived at New York on 23 May with little fanfare and no ceremony; bodies returned but not claimed by families were buried at Arlington National Cemetery.[78] On 21 July Princess Matoika arrived in New York after a similar voyage with 25 war brides, many repatriated Polish troops among its 2,094 steerage passengers, and the remains of 881 soldiers.[79] In between these two trips, the Belgian Ambassador to the United States, Baron Emile de Cartier de Marchienne, sailed from New York to Belgium on board the Matoika.[80] It was, however, Princess Matoika's next trip to Belgium that was the most infamous.

The "mutiny"Edit

Main article: Mutiny of the Matoika

Beginning 26 July 1920, a majority of the U.S. Olympic contingent destined for the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium, endured a troubled transatlantic journey aboard Princess Matoika. The voyage and the events onboard, later called the "Mutiny of the Matoika", were still being discussed in the popular press years later. The Matoika was a last-minute substitute for another ship and, according to the athletes, did not have adequate accommodations or training facilities on board.[81] Near the end of the voyage, the athletes published a list of grievances and demands and distributed copies of the document to the United States Secretary of War, the American Olympic Committee members, and the press.[82] The incident received wide coverage in American newspapers at the time.[83]

After the contingent of athletes debarked at Antwerp on 8 August,[84] Princess Matoika made one more voyage of note while under U.S. Army control. The Matoika sailed for New York on 24 August and arrived on 4 September carrying a portion of the returning Olympic team,[85][86] American Boy Scouts returning from the International Boy Scout Jamboree in London,[85] and the remains of 1,284 American soldiers for repatriation.[87]

U.S. Mail LineEdit

At the conclusion of her Army service Princess Matoika was handed over to the United States Shipping Board (USSB), who chartered the vessel to the United States Mail Steamship Company for service from New York to Italy. This solution of how to use the Princess for civilian service was the culmination of efforts by the USSB to find a suitable civilian use for her. In 1919 she was one of the ships suggested for a proposed service from New Orleans, Louisiana, to Valparaiso, Chile,[88] and in November 1919, tentative plans were announced for her service with the Munson Line between New York and Argentina beginning in mid-1920,[89] but both of these proposals fell through.

SS Princess Alice, in North German Lloyd livery, is depicted sailing among icebergs in this pre-war postcard.

Outfitted for 350 cabin-class and 500 third-class passengers and at 10,421 gross register tons (GRT), Princess Matoika kicked off her U.S. Mail Line service on 20 January 1921, sailing from New York to Naples and Genoa on her first of three roundtrips between these ports.[5] After a storm damaged her steering gear she had to be towed back in to New York on 28 January.[90]

After repairs and a successful eastbound crossing, Princess Matoika had an encounter with an iceberg off Newfoundland while carrying some two thousand Italian immigrants on her first return trip from Italy. On the night of 24 February the fully laden ship struck what was reported in The New York Times as either "an iceberg or a submerged wreck" off Cape Race. The ship's steering gear was damaged in the collision, leaving the ship adrift for over seven hours before repairs were effected. The Matoika's captain indicated that no passengers were hurt in the collision.[91] According to the story of one third-class passenger, she, suspecting there was something seriously amiss, made inquiry after the commotion. A crew member told her that the Matoika had stopped only to greet a ship passing in the night. When she went on deck, insistent on seeing the other ship herself, she saw the iceberg and observed the first-class passengers queued up to board the already-lowered lifeboats. She took her daughter with her to join one of the queues, and, though initially rebuffed, was allowed to remain.[92] The lifeboats were never deployed, however, and the Matoika arrived in Boston, where she had been diverted due to a typhus scare,[91] on 28 February without further incident.[93]

On the Matoika's third and final return voyage from Italy, begun on 17 May,[5] U.S. Customs Service agents at New York seized $150,000 worth of cocaine—along with valuable silks and jewels—being smuggled into the United States. Officials speculated that because of a maritime strike, members of a smuggling ring were able to infiltrate the crew of the ship.[94]

After her withdrawal from the Italian route, Princess Matoika was transferred to New York–Bremen service, sailing on her first commercial trip to Germany since before the war, on 14 June.[5] In July, during her second roundtrip on the Bremen route,[5] late rental payments to the USSB resulted in action to seize the nine ships chartered by the U.S. Mail Line, including the Matoika, after its return from Bremen. The ships were turned over to United American Lines—W. Averell Harriman's steamship company—for temporary operation.[95] After some legal wrangling by both the USSB and the U.S. Mail Line—and in light of financial irregularities by the U.S. Mail Line that were uncovered—the ships were permanently retained by the USSB in August.[96]

United States LinesEdit

Upon the formation of the United States Lines in August 1921, Princess Matoika and the eight other ex-German liners formerly operated by the U.S. Mail Line were transferred to the new company for operation.[97] The Princess, still on New York–Bremen service, sailed on her first voyage for the new steamship line on 15 September.[5] In October Matoika crewmen were reported as taking advantage of the German inflation by consuming champagne available for $1.00 per quart and mugs of "the best beer" for an American penny.[98] In November, United States Lines announced that Princess Matoika would be replaced on the Bremen route in order to better compete with North German Lloyd, the liner's former owner, but that never came about.[5][99] The Princess continued on runs to Bremen, calling at the additional ports of Queenstown, Southampton, and Danzig, as her schedule shifted from time to time.[5]

On 28 January 1922 the Matoika departed with 400 passengers, among them 312 Polish orphans headed for repatriation in their homeland.[100] Two days and 100 nautical miles (190 km) out of New York, the liner experienced a heavy gale that disabled her steering gear, and forced her return to New York after temporary repairs failed.[100] The captain was able to steer her through the use of the ship's engines,[100] and arrived safely back in port on 31 January.[101] This incident was the yet another misfortune that had befallen the young Poles. After being orphaned by the fighting between Polish and Soviet forces, the orphans had been taken across Siberia, evacuated to Japan, transported to Seattle, Washington, and taken by rail to Chicago, Illinois, where they were enrolled in school while searches for relatives in Poland were conducted.[102]

Chester A. Arthur, the 21st U.S. President, was the namesake for President Arthur.

After four Bremen roundtrips for United States Lines, Princess Matoika had sailed her last voyage under that name.[5] When newly built Type 535 vessels named for American presidents came into service for the company in May 1922, the Princess was renamed SS President Arthur in honor of the 21st U.S. President, Chester A. Arthur, matching the naming style of the new ships.[6]

After her rename, she continued plying the North Atlantic between New York and Bremen, and was involved in a few episodes of note during this time. In June 1922, two years into Prohibition in the United States, President Arthur was raided while at her dock in Hoboken, New Jersey, which netted 150 cases of smuggled spirits. Officials involved denied reports that the raid was conducted as a legal test case intended to test the determination of USSB chair Albert Lasker that United States-flagged ships could carry and sell alcohol outside the three-mile territorial limit of the United States.[103] Congressman James A. Gallivan (D-MA), an anti-prohibition leader, publicly demanded to know why the ship had not been seized for violating U.S. laws.[104]

In September President Arthur carried Irish republicans Muriel MacSwiney, widow of the recently deceased Lord Mayor of Cork Terence MacSwiney, and Linda Mary Kearns, who had been jailed for murder under the Black and Tans, to New York. Wearing buttons with pictures of Harry Boland, an anti-treaty Irish nationalist who had been killed the previous month, the two women were there to raise funds for orphans of Anti-Treaty IRA forces, who were then fighting in southern Ireland.[105] In October a Hoboken man, after securing a last-minute court order, was able to halt the deportation of his German niece on President Arthur; she was retrieved from the ship ten minutes before sailing time.[106]

In November 1922 U.S. Customs Service agents, seized a cache of Colt magazine guns aboard President Arthur. The entire crew was questioned but all denied any knowledge of the eight weapons found stowed behind a bulkhead.[107] In August the following year, President Arthur took on board a seaman suffering from pneumonia from the Norwegian freighter Eastern Star in a mid-ocean transfer. The ship's doctor and nurse attended to the sailor but were unable to save him.[108]

President Arthur sailed on her last transatlantic voyage from Bremen on 18 October 1923,[5] carrying 656 passengers to New York.[109] Anchoring off Gravesend Bay on 30 October, President Arthur was one of fifteen passenger ships whose arrival in New York was timed to coincide with the opening of the November immigration quota period.[109] Under the Emergency Quota Act passed in 1921, numerical limits on European immigration were imposed which created nationality quotas.[110] At the conclusion of this voyage, President Arthur was laid up in Baltimore, Maryland, for almost a year.[6]

American Palestine LineEdit

Main article: American Palestine Line

The flag of the American Palestine Line

On 9 October 1924 the newly formed American Palestine Line announced that it had purchased President Arthur from the USSB, with plans to inaugurate service between New York and Palestine the following March. The American Palestine Line was formed in 1924 for the purpose of providing direct passenger service from New York to Palestine and was reportedly the first steamship company owned and operated by Jews.[8] The company had negotiated to purchase three ocean liners from the USSB but was able to purchase only President Arthur.[111] After refurbishing the liner,[9] the company inaugurated service between New York and Palestine in March 1925, when President Arthur sailed on her maiden voyage. A crowd of fifteen thousand witnessed ceremonies that included songs, prayers, and speeches in English and Yiddish.[9] The company claimed that President Arthur was the first ocean liner to fly the Zionist flag at sea,[112] and the first ocean liner ever to have female officers.[113]

The line had labor difficulties and financial difficulties throughout its existence. Rumors of a mutiny during President Arthur's first trip were reported in The New York Times,[114] and several crew members got into an altercation with members of the Blackshirts, the Italian fascist paramilitary group, when the liner made an intermediary stop in Naples.[115] On her second voyage, the ship's master-at-arms was killed by a fellow crew member.[116] Financial difficulties included unpaid bills and resultant court actions, and accusations of fraud against company officers that were leveled in the press.[117] In late 1925 the company was placed in the hands of a receiver,[117][118] President Arthur—after a two-alarm fire in her forward cargo hold[119]—ended up back in the hands of the USSB,[120] and the company's office furniture and fixtures were sold at auction in early 1926.[121]

Los Angeles Steamship CompanyEdit

In August 1926 the Los Angeles Steamship Company (LASSCO) announced the acquisition of President Arthur from the USSB.[120][122] The liner would be extensively rebuilt and then sail opposite of City of Los Angeles (the former North German Lloyd liner Grosser Kurfürst[123]) on a Los Angeles–Hawaii route.[122] Arriving from New York on 24 September, the ship was docked at Los Angeles Shipbuilding and Drydock to immediately begin a $2.5 million refit.[124][125] Although initially planned to be ready for February 1927 sailings,[124] progress was slowed by drydock access, and her completion date was pushed to May.[126] During her refit, the ship was renamed City of Honolulu,[127] becoming the second LASSCO ship of that name.[128] At the conclusion of her reconstruction in May, City of Honolulu sailed on a 24-hour shakedown cruise.[125]

Maiden voyageEdit

City of Honolulu was rebuilt to 10,680 GRT and had accommodations for around 450 first-class and 50 third-class passengers.[6] Her hull was painted all white for LASSCO service, and she sported period designs in her common areas. The dining room, large enough to seat 300 in a single sitting, was decorated in a Grecian theme,[125] and featured eighteen stained glass windows designed by San Diego architect Carleton Winslow.[129] The smoking room was done up in a Tudor style; the music room was decorated in a combined French and Italian Renaissance manner; and the writing room was in Adam style. The suites were all done in either Adam, Queen Anne, or Louis XVI styles.[125] The ship featured six passenger elevators,[129] and a swimming pool patterned on a Pompeian design. One of the few remaining traces of her pre-war German decoration was the rosewood railing on her grand staircase.[129]

On 4 June 1927 a crowd of seven thousand well-wishers saw City of Honolulu depart on her maiden voyage. The festivities were also broadcast on radio station KGFO,[130] a portable station operating form the front cargo deck of the ship. During the journey, broadcasts of the City of Honolulu's orchestra, along with radio personalities and musicians from Los Angeles station KHJ, entertained both passengers and listeners on shore (while the ship was in range).[131]

Several notable passengers sailed on the liner's maiden voyage. Jay Gould II, tennis champion and grandson of railroad tycoon Jay Gould, sailed for a three-month stay at his Hawaiian home.[129][132] Also sailing were movie star Laura La Plante and her husband, director William A. Seiter,[129] and, Western Auto founder George Pepperdine, who began a three-month tour of the Orient with his daughters.[129][132] On arrival in Honolulu on 10 June, City of Honolulu was adorned with flowers and received a welcome from airplanes and a flotilla of outrigger canoes that escorted her into the harbor.[133] After a ten-day stay in the islands,[130] she departed for Los Angeles, returning there on 26 June.[131]

On City of Honolulu's passage from Hilo to Honolulu, travelers would have seen a view of Maui similar to this one, taken from the ʻAuʻau Channel in December 2007.

CareerEdit

After her maiden voyage City of Honolulu began regular service from Los Angeles to Honolulu and Hilo on what LASSCO called the "Great Circle Route of Sunshine". After arriving at Honolulu, the ship would sail southeast to Hilo, passing the islands of Molokai and Maui on their north sides. On the return from Hilo, the liner would traverse the ʻAlalākeiki, the ʻAuʻau, and the Kalohi Channels, taking the ship between Maui and Molokai on the north and the islands of Kahoolawe and Lanai on the south.[134]

Throughout her career, City of Honolulu transported many notable passengers to Hawaii. In July 1927, for example, Henry Smith Pritchett, president of the Carnegie Foundation, sailed to Hawaii en route to a meeting with the Institute of Pacific Relations.[135] In June 1928 movie stars Norma Talmadge, Gilbert Roland, and Lottie Pickford began a Hawaiian vacation,[136] and on 28 July, Jane Addams, the founder of Hull House and a pioneer of the settlement movement, headed there as well. Addams was on her way to attend the Pan-Pacific Women's Conference and the congress of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom; a former Governor of Hawaii, Walter F. Frear, returned to the islands on that same voyage.[137] In December Al Jolson and his wife, Ruby Keeler, sailed on the liner for a vacation,[138] and early the next February, the reigning British Open golf champion, Walter Hagen, sailed to start a four-month golfing tour and exhibition in Australia. Hagan was accompanied by Australian golfer Joe Kirkwood;[139] Arctic explorer Donald B. MacMillan also left for Hawaii on the same sailing.[140]

Aloha Tower at Honolulu Harbor welcomed the City of Honolulu and her passengers on their arrival in Hawaii.

City of Honolulu also carried notable visitors to the mainland. Farris M. Brown, a dealer in Stradivarius instruments, arrived in Los Angeles in May 1928 with three of the famous maker's violins, including the Baron Knoop Stradivarius.[141] In April 1929 Swedish swimmer Arne Borg, accompanied by his wife, arrived in Los Angeles on a world swimming tour,[142] and in May, Sir James Gunnson, a former Mayor of Auckland, arrived for a one-month visit to promote increased trade between California and New Zealand.[143] The next January, Herbert Hagerman, former Governor of New Mexico Territory; author Basil Woon, who had been doing research for a Hawaiian story; and aviation promoter and chewing gum magnate William Easterwood all sailed stateside on the ship.[144]

Apart from notable passengers carried during her tenure, City of Honolulu also frequently served as a conveyance for newlyweds heading for Hawaiian honeymoons.[145] She also carried, in addition to passengers, cargo in both directions, transporting commodities, such as fertilizer and oil, to Hawaii,[146] and Hawaiian goods, like sugar and fresh and canned pineapple to the mainland.[147]

Fire and scrappingEdit

City of Honolulu's career as a tropical liner, however, was short-lived. On the afternoon of 25 May 1930, just shy of completing three years of LASSCO service, a fire broke out on her B deck while she was docked in her namesake city. Although aided by fireboat Leleiona and U.S. Navy submarine rescue ship Widgeon, firefighters were unable to bring the blaze under control quickly, and it spread to 100 short tons (91 t) of potash aboard the liner. Fears that her cargo of 16,000 barrels (2,500 m3) of oil would explode caused firefighters to intentionally sink the liner at her pier in order to help extinguish the conflagration.[146] Through firefighters' efforts, the fire was contained to the upper three decks, leaving the ship's power plant relatively undamaged.[148] All crew members and LASSCO employees on board the ship got off safely; no passengers were on the ship at the time of the fire.[149]

The ship was pumped out and raised on 9 June, and taken to the naval drydock at Pearl Harbor for inspection on 12 June.[148] While remaining in Hawaii, one engine was restored to working order and the ship departed for Los Angeles under her own power on 30 October. After her arrival, further inspections were conducted, and it was determined that repairs would be too expensive, especially given the global economic conditions. City of Honolulu was declared a total loss,[6] and was laid up in the West Basin of Los Angeles Harbor for almost three years.[150] During her lay up, fittings and fixtures stripped from the vessel were auctioned in July 1932,[151] and in December, film crews from Columbia Pictures Corporation spent ten days filming on board the ship.[150]

City of Honolulu was sold to Japanese shipbreakers in mid 1933,[152] and—in the company of Calawaii, another LASSCO ship destined for the scrap heap—the City of Honolulu departed Los Angeles in late August under her own power.[6] Manned by a Filipino crew,[152] the 33-year-old liner developed a problem with one of her boilers almost immediately and had to put into San Francisco for repairs. Getting underway after a lengthy delay, one of her engines failed in mid-ocean, leaving her to plod on to Japan on one engine.[153] She eventually arrived in Osaka at the shipbreaker in mid-December, and was scrapped shortly thereafter.[6]

NotesEdit

^ Jump up to:a b c d e f "Princess Matoika". DANFS.

^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g Bonsor, Vol. 2, p. 566.

^ Jump up to:a b Putnam, p. 145.

^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k Drechsel, Vol. 1, p. 338.

^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Bonsor, Vol. 2, p. 567.

^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i Drechsel, Vol. 1, p. 339

^ Gleaves, p. 248

^ Jump up to:a b c "Zionists to run fleet". The New York Times. 10 October 1924. p. 21.

^ Jump up to:a b c "Palestine liner tested". The New York Times. 8 March 1925. p. 5.

^ "Hamburg-American fleet" (PDF). The New York Times. 25 March 1900. p. 14.

^ Bonsor (Vol. 1, p. 408) identifies the two names as Borussia and Teutonia, while Drechsel (Vol. 1, p. 338) gives them as Bavaria and Teutonia.

^ Jump up to:a b c Bonsor, Vol. 1, p. 408.

^ Jump up to:a b c "Luncheon on a liner". The New York Times. 6 April 1904. p. 16.

^ "Hamburg America ...". The New York Times (display ad). 11 May 1902. p. 25.

^ "Shipping and Foreign Mails". The New York Times. 4 May 1902. p. 23.

^ "Shipping and Foreign Mails". The New York Times. 24 May 1902. p. 13.

^ Eilers, p. 215.

^ Drechsel, Vol. 1, p. 261. Alice Roosevelt had been further honored by the German Empire by the March 1902 renaming of former torpedo boat D2 to Alice Roosevelt.

^ Putnam, p. 145. Putnam states further that Princess Alice was the wife of Kaiser Freidrich III, apparently confusing Alice with her sister Princess Victoria.

^ "Town & Country Calendar: Arrivals and Departures". Town & Country. New York: Stuyvesant. 3080: 6. 27 May 1905. ISSN 0040-9952. OCLC 5878257.

^ "Town & Country Calendar: Arrivals and Departures". Town & Country. New York: Stuyvesant. 3086: 3. 8 July 1905. ISSN 0040-9952. OCLC 5878257.

^ "Ocean travelers". The New York Times. 20 June 1906. p. 14.

^ "Rear Admiral Mahan returns". The Washington Post. 21 June 1907. p. 3.

^ "Senator Bacon off for Europe". The Washington Post. 2 August 1907. p. 3.

^ "Wireless on more ships" (PDF). The New York Times. 12 February 1909. p. 1.

^ Pierce, p. 690.

^ Navy Department, Bureau of Equipment (1 September 1909). "List of Merchant Steamers and Private Yachts". List of Wireless Telegraph Stations of the World. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

^ Jump up to:a b c "The Prinzess Alice aground in the bay" (PDF). The New York Times. 28 May 1909. p. 1.

^ Jump up to:a b "Prinzess Alice sails" (PDF). The New York Times. 29 May 1909. p. 2.

^ "Moss jumped from steamer" (PDF). The New York Times. 5 June 1909. p. 1.

^ Jump up to:a b "Transport in new career" (PDF). The New York Times. 30 January 1921. p. E3.

^ Jump up to:a b Cutchins and Stewart, p. 64. Cutchins and Stewart are quoting Ernest R. Kinkle and John J. Pullam, historians of the 113th Infantry Regiment.

^ Putnam, p. 145, note 32. Given that two other ex-German liners were renamed USS Pocahontas (ID-3044) and USS Powhatan (ID-3013)—after Pocahontas and Powhatan (her father)—this seems the most likely.

^ Crowell and Wilson, p. 417.

^ "Fleet Admiral William Daniel Leahy". Naval Historical Center. United States Department of the Navy. Archived from the original on 28 June 2008. Retrieved 10 April 2008.

^ Pollard, p. 26.

^ Jump up to:a b Crowell and Wilson, p. 609.

^ Jump up to:a b c Gleaves, p. 202.

^ Jump up to:a b Pollard, p. 27.

^ Cutchins and Stewart, p. 65.

^ "President Lincoln". DANFS. Retrieved 10 April 2008.

^ German submarine activities, p. 48.

^ Cutchins and Stewart, p. 66.

^ Jump up to:a b Cutchins and Stewart, p. 67.

^ Jump up to:a b c d Crowell and Wilson, p. 610–11.

^ Cutchins and Stewart, p. 68.

^ Jump up to:a b Feuer, p. 63.

^ "Covington". DANFS. Retrieved 10 April 2008.

^ "Next Navy Head Boasts Notable Service Career". The Washington Post. 27 December 1936. p. M15.

^ Stringer, p. 95.

^ Jump up to:a b Crowell and Wilson, p. 613.

^ Jump up to:a b Crowell and Wilson, p. 615.

^ Jump up to:a b Crowell and Wilson, p. 559, 617.

^ NHC, Personal account by Rear Admiral William B. Caperton; Gleaves, p. 190.

^ Bureau of Naval Personnel, Officers and Enlisted Men ..., p. 729, 797. The source did not provide information on whether there were any deaths among Army personnel aboard.

^ Crowell and Wilson, p. 619.

^ Jump up to:a b c Gleaves, p. 248–49.

^ Gleaves, p. 31.

^ "Matoika lands 3,000". The Washington Post. Associated Press. 2 January 1919. p. 4.

^ Jump up to:a b "Transport with 3,000 due at Newport News January 2". The Washington Post. 25 December 1918. p. 4.

^ "Troops reach Newport News". The Atlanta Constitution. 12 February 1919. p. 12.

^ "Chicago troops reach U.S. after race over ocean". Chicago Daily Tribune. 21 March 1919. p. 4.

^ "'Old Hickory' boys go to Charleston". The Atlanta Constitution. 21 March 1919. p. 10.

^ Harlow, p. 195, quoting Kent Watson from History of the 133d Regiment.

^ Brown, p. 145–46.

^ "Many Georgia boys reach Newport News". The Atlanta Constitution. 28 April 1919. p. 6.

^ Hagedorn, p. 163.

^ "Pennsylvania troops arrive". The Washington Post. 27 May 1919. p. 10.

^ Jump up to:a b "Repatriated Germans arrive at Rotterdam" (PDF). The New York Times. 19 July 1919. p. 3.

^ "Shipping and Mails" (PDF). The New York Times. 2 August 1919. p. 18.

^ "Shipping and Mails" (PDF). The New York Times. 7 August 1919. p. 9.

^ "Shipping and Mails" (PDF). The New York Times. 6 September 1919. p. 20.

^ "Shipping and Mails" (PDF). The New York Times. 13 October 1919. p. 27.

^ "General say Reds killed 82 Yankees in Russia". Chicago Daily Tribune. 16 October 1919. p. 7.

^ "Society". The Washington Post. 19 December 1919. p. 7.

^ "A transatlantic flight". The Times. 1 April 1920. p. 15.

^ "USN ships—USS Princess Matoika (ID # 2290)—On Board and Miscellaneous Views". Naval Historical Center. 23 January 2008. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012.

^ "Army transport brings both joy and sorrow home". The Atlanta Constitution. 24 May 1920. p. 10. Also: "Ship brings bodies of 10 war nurses". The Washington Post. 24 May 1920. p. 2.

^ "Bodies of 881 war heroes arrive from overseas". Chicago Daily Tribune. 22 July 1920. p. 4.

^ "Belgian ambassador sails". The Christian Science Monitor. 7 June 1920. p. 12.

^ Findling and Pelle, p. 56.

^ "Officials blamed by U.S. athletes" (PDF). The New York Times. 8 August 1920. p. 23.

^ "Colleges to fight A.A.U., says Fuessle" (PDF). The New York Times. 17 April 1922. p. 19.

^ "U.S. athletes in Olympic quarters" (PDF). The New York Times. 9 August 1920. p. 14.

^ Jump up to:a b "American scouts win high honors". The Washington Post. 5 September 1920. p. 28.

^ "Olympic team returning" (PDF). The New York Times. 4 September 1920. p. 13.

^ "1,284 soldier dead arrive" (PDF). The New York Times. 5 September 1920. p. 15.

^ McIntosh, p. 20.

^ "Two ships for Argentina". The Washington Post. 8 November 1919. p. 6.

^ "Imperial and foreign news items". The Times. 1 February 1921. p. 9.

^ Jump up to:a b "Liner, with 2,000 passengers, hits iceberg and drifts helplessly at sea seven hours" (PDF). The New York Times. 27 February 1921. p. 1.

^ "Sea of Memories: Princess Matoika". Maritime Matters: Ocean liner history and cruise ship news. Martin Cox. December 1999. Archived from the original on 24 May 2008.

^ "Immigrants arrive". The Christian Science Monitor. 1 March 1921. p. 10.

^ "Seize $150,000 drug hidden in ash pail" (PDF). The New York Times. 5 June 1921. p. 10.

^ "Harriman lines to run 5 ships seized by U.S.". Chicago Daily Tribune. 24 July 1921. p. 4.

^ "Immigrants are robbed by ship firm—Lasker". Chicago Daily Tribune. 28 August 1921. p. 3.

^ "United States Lines will operate passenger vessels". The Wall Street Journal. 30 August 1921. p. 8.

^ "Champagne and beer add joys to U.S. sailor's life". Chicago Daily Tribune. 17 October 1921. p. 1.

^ "To build up Atlantic service". The Wall Street Journal. 8 November 1921. p. 3.

^ Jump up to:a b c "Matoika, 312 orphans aboard, limps to port". The Washington Post. 31 January 1922. p. 17.

^ "Damaged ship returns" (PDF). The New York Times. 1 February 1922. p. 17.

^ "Polish orphans going home". The Washington Post. 22 January 1922. p. 31.

^ "American ships raided". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. 28 June 1922. p. I-1.

^ "Fight on 'wet' ships laid to foreigners" (PDF). The New York Times. 29 June 1922. p. 16.

^ "Finance Collins killers". Los Angeles Times. 7 September 1922. p. I-1.

^ "Halts girl's deportation" (PDF). The New York Times. 13 October 1922. p. 16.

^ "Find 8 magazine guns hidden in liner's hold" (PDF). The New York Times. 18 November 1922. p. 3.

^ "Transfer sailor at sea". The New York Times. 23 August 1923. p. 2.

^ Jump up to:a b "Ellis Island full, faces new influx" (pdf). The New York Times. 31 October 1923. p. 19.

^ Higham, p. 311.

^ Davis, p. 148.

^ "Palestine liner gets big send-off". The New York Times. 13 March 1925. p. 8.

^ "Capt. W. J. Breen, S. S. President Arthur, has commissioned ...". The Christian Science Monitor (photo caption). 17 March 1925. p. 9.

^ "Big police squad meets Jewish ship". The New York Times. 9 May 1925. p. 6.

^ "American seamen clash with fascisti". The Washington Post. 24 April 1925. p. 1.

^ "Kills master-at-arms on President Arthur". The New York Times. 24 June 1925. p. 2.

^ Jump up to:a b "Say Palestine Line got bond by fraud". The New York Times. 4 December 1925. p. 11.

^ "Palestine ship line in receiver's hands". The New York Times. 12 September 1925. p. 7.

^ "Fire on President Arthur". The New York Times. 20 September 1925. p. 28.

^ Jump up to:a b "Local yard to rebuild liner". Los Angeles Times. 19 August 1926. p. 10.

^ "Bankruptcy sales". The New York Times. 24 February 1926. p. 38.

^ Jump up to:a b "New ship for island run". Los Angeles Times. 18 August 1926. p. A1.

^ "Aeolus". DANFS.

^ Jump up to:a b "New liner here for Hawaii run". Los Angeles Times. 25 September 1926. p. A7. The value of the refit given in newspaper accounts ranged from $1.3 million to $3.0 million; $2.5 million was the most commonly reported amount.

^ Jump up to:a b c d "Liner off on trial trip". Los Angeles Times. 15 May 1927. p. B1.

^ "Liner overhaul work is rushed". Los Angeles Times. 12 February 1927. p. 17.

^ "Ship to be rechristened". Los Angeles Times. 23 September 1926. p. A11.

^ The prior City of Honolulu was the former North German Lloyd liner Friedrich der Grosse, the first of the Barbarossa class launched, which had burned and sunk on her maiden voyage for LASSCO in October 1922.

^ Jump up to:a b c d e f "Ocean palace to sail today". Los Angeles Times. 4 June 1927. p. A1.

^ Jump up to:a b "Palatial liner off on voyage". Los Angeles Times. 5 June 1927. p. B5.

^ Jump up to:a b "Broadcast programs in mid-Pacific". Los Angeles Times. 26 June 1927. p. B6. Brant Radio Power Co., the owners of KGFO, were granted special permission from the Federal Radio Commission to transmit from their broadcast truck aboard the ship while at sea, and while ashore at Hawaii.

^ Jump up to:a b "Jay Gould here on trip to east". Los Angeles Times. 17 September 1927. p. A1.

^ "New liner welcomed at islands". Los Angeles Times. 11 June 1927. p. 1.

^ "Hawaii direct from Los Angeles" (brochure and timetable). Los Angeles Steamship Company. February 1927. (Convenience copy located at Maritime Timetable Images.)

^ "Shipping and Los Angeles Harbor news". Los Angeles Times. 2 July 1927. p. 15.

^ "Shipping news and activities at Los Angeles Harbor". Los Angeles Times. 2 June 1928. p. 7.

^ "Busy week-end due at harbor". Los Angeles Times. 28 July 1928. p. 15.

^ "Bookings heavy for Hawaii trip". Los Angeles Times. 15 December 1928. p. A16.

^ "Hagen sails for Hawaii". Los Angeles Times. 2 February 1930. p. E12.

^ Cave, Wayne B (31 January 1930). "Hawaii travel gain indicated". Los Angeles Times. p. 19.

^ "Glorified peddler debarks". Los Angeles Times. 26 May 1928. p. A6.

^ "Borg visitor in Southland". Los Angeles Times. 27 April 1929. p. 10.

^ "Original booster for city arrives". Los Angeles Times. 25 May 1929. p. A1.

^ Cave, Wayne B (4 January 1930). "Shipping news and activities at Los Angeles Harbor". Los Angeles Times. p. 7.

^ See, for example, "Sundays on new honeymoon", Los Angeles Times, 7 May 1928, p. A11; and "Honeymooners 'in the same boat'", Los Angeles Times, 27 August 1928, p. A1.

^ Jump up to:a b "Local liner in flames". Los Angeles Times. 26 May 1930. p. 1.

^ See, for example, "Excursionists land today", Los Angeles Times, 18 August 1928, p. A9.

^ Jump up to:a b Drake, Waldo (11 June 1930). "Lassco's liner due in dry dock". Los Angeles Times. p. 11.

^ "Burned liner's crew all safe". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. 27 May 1930. p. 4.

^ Jump up to:a b Cave, Wayne B (20 December 1932). "Shipping news and activities at Los Angeles Harbor". Los Angeles Times. p. 13.

^ "Steamship salvage auction ...". Los Angeles Times (display advertisement). 31 July 1932. p. 11.

^ Jump up to:a b Drake, Waldo (2 August 1933). "Two old liners to be scrapped". Los Angeles Times. p. 6.

^ Drake, Waldo (29 September 1933). "Hopes for deep fairway rise". Los Angeles Times. p. 17.

ReferencesEdit

Bonsor, N. R. P. (1975) [1955]. North Atlantic Seaway, Volume 1 (Enlarged and revised ed.). New York: Arco Publishing Company. ISBN 0-668-03679-6. OCLC 1891992.

Bonsor, N. R. P. (1978) [1955]. North Atlantic Seaway, Volume 2 (Enlarged and completely revised ed.). Saint Brélade, Jersey: Brookside Publications. ISBN 0-905824-01-6. OCLC 29930159.

Brown, Raymond Shiland (1920). Base Hospital No. 9, A.E.F.: A History of the Work of the New York Hospital Unit During Two Years of Active Service. New York: New York Hospital. OCLC 2477784.

Bureau of Naval Personnel (1920). Officers and Enlisted Men of the United States Navy Who Lost Their Lives During the World War, from April 6, 1917, to November 11, 1918. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. OCLC 1187918.

Crowell, Benedict; Robert Forrest Wilson (1921). The Road to France I: The Transportation of Troops and Military Supplies, 1917–1918. How America Went To War. New Haven: Yale University Press. OCLC 287391.

Cutchins, John A.; George Scott Stewart, Jr. (1921). History of the Twenty-ninth division, "Blue and gray," 1917–1919. Philadelphia: Press of MacCalla & Co. OCLC 3260003.

Davis, Moshe (1977). With Eyes Toward Zion: Scholars Colloquium on America-Holy Land Studies. New York: Arno Press. ISBN 978-0-405-10312-4. OCLC 2947841.

Drechsel, Edwin (1994). Norddeutscher Lloyd, Bremen, 1857–1970: History, Fleet, Ship Mails. Vancouver, British Columbia: Cordillera Pub. Co. ISBN 978-1-895590-08-1. OCLC 30357825.

Eilers, Marlene A. (1987). Queen Victoria's Descendants. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0-8063-1202-6. OCLC 17370791.

Feuer, A. B. (1999). The U.S. Navy in World War I: Combat at Sea and in the Air. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-275-96212-8. OCLC 40595325.

Findling, John E.; Kimberly D. Pelle (1996). "Antwerp 1920". Historical Dictionary of the Modern Olympic Movement. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-28477-9. OCLC 32665209..

Gleaves, Albert (1921). A History of the Transport Service: Adventures and Experiences of United States Transports and Cruisers in the World War. New York: George H. Doran Company. OCLC 976757.

Hagedorn, Ann (2007). Savage Peace: Hope and Fear in America, 1919. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-4371-1. OCLC 85484296.

Harlow, Rex F. (1919). Trail of the 61st: A History of the 61st Field Artillery Brigade During the World War, 1917–1919. Oklahoma City: Harlow Pub. Co. OCLC 4227658.

Higham, John (1963). Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860–1925 (2nd ed.). New York: Atheneum. OCLC 421752.

McIntosh, Kenneth Chafee (1919). American Merchant Marine. Letter to the Chairman of the Committee on Commerce. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. OCLC 27927028..

Naval Historical Center. "Aeolus". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 10 April 2008.

Naval Historical Center. "Covington". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History & Heritage Command. Retrieved 10 April 2008.

Naval Historical Center (9 November 2005). "Personal account by Rear Admiral William B. Caperton of the 1918 Influenza on Armored Cruiser No. 4, USS Pittsburgh, at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil". Navy Department. Naval Historical Center. Archived from the original on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 11 April 2008.

Naval Historical Center. "President Lincoln". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History & Heritage Command. Retrieved 10 April 2008.

Naval Historical Center. "Princess Matoika". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History & Heritage Command. Retrieved 10 April 2008.

Office of Naval Records (1920). German submarine activities on the Atlantic coast of the United States and Canada. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. OCLC 2211657.

Pierce, G. W. (1914). "Wireless telegraphy". In Andrew Cunningham McLaughlin and Albert Bushnell Hart (ed.). Cyclopedia of American Government. Vol. III. New York: D. Appleton and Co. OCLC 498366.

Pollard, James E. (1919). The Forty-Seventh Infantry: A History, 1917–1918, 1919. Saginaw, Michigan: Press of Seeman & Peters. OCLC 3067517.

Putnam, William Lowell (2001). The Kaiser's Merchant Ships in World War I. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-0923-5. OCLC 46732396.

Stringer, Harry R. (1921). The Navy Book of Distinguished Service. Washington, D.C.: Fassett Pub. Co. OCLC 2654351.

External linksEdit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

USS Princess Matoika (ID-2290) (category)

Photo gallery of Princess Matoika at NavSource Naval History

USAT Princess MatoikaPhoto of the water tank used by 1920 Olympians on the deck of USAT Princess Matoika

SS President ArthurSheet music cover of "President Arthur's Zion Ship"

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There were fifteen teams each consisting of ten cyclists in the 1962 Tour de France, for a total of 150 riders. From 1930 to 1961, the Tour de France was contested by national cycling teams, but in 1962 commercially sponsored international trade teams returned. Each team was required to have a dominant nationality; at least six cyclists should have the same nationality, or only two nationalities should be present. For the first time, French cyclists were outnumbered; the largest number of riders from a nation came from Italy (52), with the next largest coming from France (50) and Belgium (28). Riders represented a further six nations, all European. Jacques Anquetil won the individual time trial of stage twenty to put himself into the yellow jersey, which he held until the conclusion of the race; he defended his title, winning his third Tour de France. (Full list...)

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The Fortune Teller is an operetta in three acts composed by Victor Herbert, with a libretto by Harry B. Smith. After a brief tryout in Toronto, it premiered on Broadway on September 26, 1898, at Wallack's Theatre and ran for 40 performances. The star Alice Nielsen and many of the original company traveled to London, where the piece opened at the Shaftesbury Theatre on April 9, 1901, running for 88 performances. This 1905 poster for The Fortune Teller, depicting eight members of the women's drum corps, was presumably produced for a touring or repertoire production by Nielsen's company.

Poster credit: United States Lithograph Company; restored by Adam Cuerden


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