Learning -
To convert one's physiology from a human's to dragon's, one needs to either have a dragon lacrima implanted in them, or consume a dragon's flesh and absorb their bloodline, or learn from a dragon while absorbing their draconic energy.
In the initial phases, for formation of dragon seed, the body will direct all magic to be converted into draconic energy, resulting in below average magic.
After formation of dragon seed, the passive draconic energy production will slow down and nearly stop.
The presence of dragon seed will turn all magic utilized into a dragon's, whose quality will depend upon the strength of dragon seed.
As magic is utilized, some of it will be absorbed in the dragon seed to increase the draconic energy, which, if used recklessly will result in 'sprouting' of dragon seed, which means that the magic pool of the body will be overpowered by the draconic energy, resulting in beginning of dragonization.
At this point, the body will absorb magic continuously from surroundings, which will be used in part to expand the already existing magic pool, in part to convert the body into a dragon's, and in part for the growth of sprouted dragon seed, resulting in a dragon who have inherently larger magic pool and higher quality magic.
Dragonization can be countered by allowing immunities to form, by having a dragon hibernate in the human's body, but this effect can also be overwhelmed by overuse of dragon magic.
*Acnologia was able to maintain his human shape along with dragon shape because of his immense magic pool, which allowed him to ward off the influence of his already sprouted dragon seed. This effect later became permanent as Acnologia's bloodline evolved to allow him the use of both forms, similar to how Natsu could utilize lightning and god slaying flames.
Dragon force mode-
Normally, only the magic power that is to be used in magic is transformed/refined by dragon seed, but when dragon force mode is active, the magic power is transformed passively into that of a dragon, and then stored in the body. This results in the formation of dragon like features on body, which remain there as long as the draconic magic is within the body. After dragon force mode has expired, the body releases all magic to the outside, allowing it to be filled with normal one, but for as long as the mode is active, the growth of dragon seed is multiple times higher than normal.
Dragon slayer secret arts-
These arts infuse draconic energy into the magic power, resulting in them having much greater power than normal. This damages the dragon seed, but not much, as the mixture of magic power and draconic energy is almost 95% magic power, hence the magic power present in the body is quickly exhausted, but the draconic energy, which has amassed over years, is not.
This inevitable fastens the growth of dragon seed as it enter a state of passively converting the magic of host into draconic energy, generally resulting in it gaining more draconic energy than what was lost, similar to muscle building process.
Theoretically, if one has enough magic power and utilizes enough secret arts, they can go back to being a regular human mage, but only if dragonization hasn't occured.
Immunity to dragonization-
It can be gained either through the secret art allowing the dragon to go into the body of user, which will overtime result in the formation of immunity, but though less risky, this method takes away the ability to freely transform from dragon to human.
Another method is to have a large enough magic pool in the body/or a large reservoir of magic which will ward off the effects of 'sprouted' dragon seed. This method is risky, but if successful, will allow the host to transform into dragon at will, and his human form will also lose the other weakness of dragon slayers, which is disorientation between organs and body shape.
Though about giving a theory to all the shit.