Kapitel 40: Jamu

Jamu Kunir tamarind is said by most of the herbal medicine sellers to be 'cool ' herbal medicine which can be interpreted as herbal medicine to refresh the body or to cool the body. There are also those who say it is useful to avoid heartburn or canker sores, and make the stomach cool. A herbal medicine seller said that this type of herbal medicine is not suitable for consumption by women who are pregnant because of its nature that facilitates menstruation. There are also herbal medicine sellers who recommend drinking turmeric and tamarind herbs to launch menstruation.

Raw material

The use of raw materials for turmeric and tamarind herbs is generally not much different between manufacturers. The difference is seen in the composition of the constituent materials. Jamu is made with the main ingredients of tamarind fruit plus turmeric/turmeric, but some makers mix it with sinom (young tamarind leaves), temulawak, kedawung seeds, and lime juice. As a sweetener used brown sugar mixed with white sugar and often they also mix artificial sugar, and put a little salt.

Processing method

In general, there is not much difference between herbal medicine sellers, namely boiled until boiling and the amount is as needed. The ingredients according to the composition of the mixture are roughly ground using a mortar and pestle with an iron or stone or thinly sliced (turmeric), put in boiling water and boiled until boiling for a while. Next, sugar is added until a sweet taste is obtained (tasted). The decoction obtained is allowed to cool slightly, then filtered through a sieve. The filtered stew is left in the pot and then put into bottles and ready to be sold.

Sinom

The benefits, ingredients, and methods of making jamu sinom are not much different from jamu turmeric acid. The only difference lies in the addition of sinom ingredients. In fact, some sellers do not add sinom, but by diluting the jamu turmeric acid by reducing the amount of raw material which is then added to taste sugar.

Bitter Herbal

used for various health problems. Herbal medicine sellers give varied answers about the benefits of this herbal medicine, but the main one is for itching and diabetes. Another seller said the benefits were for 'dialysis', lack of appetite, eliminating body odor, lowering cholesterol, flatulence, acne, aches, and dizziness.

Raw material

The basic raw material of bitter herbs is bitter. The ingredients for the bitters are very varied, some consist only of sambiloto, but some add other ingredients that taste bitter, such as brotowali, sea widoro, white doro, and Pule Pule. Some also mix other ingredients such as fennel and or empon-empon (rhizome material used in cooking spices). The herb bitter herbs should be mixed with various spices and herbs, if the ingredients are not mixed with various spices and empon-empon there are indications that it is not good for health.

How to make herbal medicine bitters is to boil all the ingredients into the water until the boiling water is left about half of it. This method is intended so that all the nutritious substances contained in the ingredients can be dissolved into the cooking water. As a final result, a stew with a very bitter taste is obtained. Especially for bitter herbs, no sugar or other sweeteners are added. As an antidote to the bitter taste, consumers drink other herbs that have a sweet and fresh taste, such as sinom or sour turmeric.

Order Lock Herb

Key herbs are ordered to be used by women, especially mothers to treat complaints of vaginal discharge (fluor albus). While other benefits are to close the female intimate part (vagina), eliminate body odor, shrink the uterus and stomach, and is said to strengthen teeth.

Raw material

The raw materials for this herbal medicine are true to its name, namely the key rhizome and betel leaf. Usually, ripe sour fruit is always added. Some herbal medicine sellers add other ingredients that are commonly used in herbal white or herbal concoctions such as pomegranate, areca nut, key pepet, and majakan. In this study, it was found that other ingredients were added, namely jambe, sweet do not, legi wood, beluntas, and kencur. As a sweetener, granulated sugar, brown sugar, and a little salt are added.

Processing method

The way of processing in general is not much different between herbal medicine sellers, namely boiling water until it boils according to need. The ingredients according to the composition of the mixture are coarsely ground using a mortar and an iron or stone pestle or thinly sliced (turmeric), squeezed, filtered, and put into boiled water that has been cooled. Furthermore, sugar is added as needed, until a sweet taste is obtained according to taste by tasting. The ingredients are then put into bottles and ready to be sold.

Jamu Uyup-uyup/Gepyokan

Jamu uyup-uyup or gepyokan are herbs used to increase the production of breast milk in mothers who are breastfeeding. Only a herbal medicine seller said that there are other benefits, namely to eliminate unpleasant body odor, both for mother and child and to 'cool' the stomach.

Raw materials and processing methods The raw materials for uyup-uyup herbal medicine vary widely between herbal medicine makers, but in general they always use empon-empon ingredients consisting of kencur, ginger, bangle, laos, turmeric, katu leaves, temulawak, puyang, and temugiring. The processing method in general is not much different between herbal medicine sellers, namely all ingredients are washed without peeling, then the empon-empon are chopped (thinly sliced), added with other ingredients, coarsely ground, then squeezed and filtered. The juice is put into cold boiled water. Then add sugar until you get a sweet taste according to taste. The ingredients are then put into bottles and ready to be traded.

Besides being made traditionally, herbal medicine is also following the changing times, herbal medicine has been processed with technology and also a lot of research has been carried out to develop more various types of medicines based on herbal medicine, on the other hand, people can now feel the results of this research, well-known herbal products that make as a substitute for pharmaceutical drugs manufacturers.

And what makes the Indonesian people more confident about the use of herbal medicine as a treatment ingredient is that research is also carried out by official bodies or in other words by the government itself. Research and Development of Traditional Medicinal and Medicinal Plants (Babe Litbang TOOT); which is a research and development center under the Agency for Research and Development of Medicine and Health, providing herbal medicine science and research and herbal medicine product research.

The Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center (Trop-BRC) at the Bogor Agricultural Institute is also active in research on herbal medicine.

All of which are from the results of research that has been carried out, making herbal medicine better in terms of processing and also in branding. And this has an impact on the increased export value of the herbal medicine production. And the production and exports are supported by the fact that medicinal plants grow in many areas in Indonesia, with about 30,000 species of the 40,000 species of medicinal plants in the world in Indonesia.

Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) managed by the Ministry of Trade, the total export value of Indonesian herbal medicine in 2021 will reach USD 41.5 million. And no less than the data in 2020, 16 countries have been successfully exported.

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