Both papers were published in the Journal of Philosophy.
At that time, there were not so many procedures for publishing papers, the quality of the papers was high, and Joule was quite familiar with the magazine, so the article was published quickly and made public.
As the paper was published, entirely new physics and biology began to exert its influence.
People's attention to this issue grew rapidly, and soon these two papers became the hottest topics in British academic circles.
The law of conservation of energy is already known to people. Although Ma Shao and Joule's paper gave it richer connotations, it was not a major breakthrough.
The paper on bacteria has yet to be verified. Ma Shao's paper did not provide long-term experimental results, but mainly explained the theory and experimental design.
It can be said that although these two papers are of high quality, they are still not enough to become the hottest topics.
But the fact is, they have become the hottest topics.
There is no doubt that this is mainly because of Ma Shao's identity, an Indian.
It sounds outrageous that a North American Indian published two high-quality academic papers in British journals!
So not long after Ma Shao published his paper, some scientists approached Joule to find out the truth.
The first person to come to him was John Davis, one of Joule's teachers.
Although he was a teacher, Davis was only a few years older than Joule, and because he didn't grow a beard, he looked even younger. The relationship between the two was that of both teacher and friend.
"...James, I read your latest paper on the first law of thermodynamics. It's very well written," Davis said. "But I have a question."
"what is the problem?"
Davis: "Why is there another strange name in the author column besides you? I heard from the editor of the Philosophical Magazine that it is an Indian name?"
Joule nodded. "That's right. He and I completed the paper on the first law of thermodynamics together. We co-wrote the paper, so of course he would be listed as one of the authors."
Davis was still confused: "But... an Indian? What's going on?"
"His people are different from ours, that's all." Joule paused and smiled, "Of course, John, I know what you are wondering about."
"In fact, that's what I thought at the beginning - how could a savage understand science? But the fact is that my Apache friend not only understands science, but also surpasses most people and is a genius in natural philosophy."
"I would say this is a great example of breaking down prejudice," he added.
Davis was silent for two seconds: "Okay, where is this Indian genius you mentioned? I want to meet him now."
"I'm sorry you're late," Joule said. "Just yesterday, Ma Shao was still staying at my house, but now he should be on the train to Glasgow."
Davis frowned slightly: "What is he doing in Scotland?"
Joule: "Of course, to see William Thomson. I recommended it. He and William should have a good talk. If I didn't have something else to deal with at the brewery, I would have gone to Glasgow with him."
"I have a feeling that after talking to William, this natural philosopher from Apache will surprise people again."
…
Scotland.
Ma Shao took the train to Scotland and continued north to Glasgow, the largest city in Scotland.
After publishing two papers with the help of Joule, he set out again and went north to Glasgow to find William Thomson, the future Baron Kelvin.
Kelvin said: The building of physics has been completed. All that remains is some minor repairs and repairs. However, there are still two dark clouds on the horizon...
Ma Shao is a physics teacher, and for him, this is something that is engraved in his DNA.
Two small dark clouds that Kelvin looked down upon, when they were pushed away, one contained quantum mechanics and the other contained the theory of relativity.
Kelvin was later deeply tied to the dark history of the "two dark clouds", but in fact he was one of the most outstanding scientists of this era.
Many scientists followed Kelvin's example and wanted to create some dark clouds, but it turned out that dark clouds are not so easy to find.
Although Kelvin's attitude towards these two dark clouds was somewhat contemptuous, he was also very insightful and keenly realized that these two problems might be fundamentally different from those that could be solved with minor repairs.
At present, Kelvin is not the most outstanding scientist, but he is undoubtedly the most promising scientist, the youngest professor at the University of Glasgow and also a director.
The reason why Ma Shao wanted to find Kelvin was mainly because what he was going to publish next was one of Kelvin's important achievements in history.
Originally in history, Kelvin published this result in 1848, or maybe he had already published it.
Ma Shao wasn't so sure.
So he wanted to come and communicate with Kelvin. If possible, he would be happy to co-write a paper with Kelvin after Joule.
Glasgow is located in Scotland, several hundred kilometers away from Manchester, and it takes almost a day to get there by train.
After a day of bumpy ride, Ma Shao entered Scotland.
Although it has been incorporated into the United Kingdom for hundreds of years, it still looks very different from England. In fact, until the 21st century, there was still a big gap between Scotland and England.
Many Scots do not consider themselves British and they have their own language, Gaelic.
Of course, there is no need to find a Gaelic translator, as there are still many Scots who can speak English.
It was already evening when they arrived in Glasgow. Ma Shao and his entourage first found a hotel to rest, and then went to the University of Glasgow to visit Kelvin the next day.
However, facing the Indian Ma Shao, the University of Glasgow did not let him in at all, and even caused a small commotion.
"How can a barbarian set foot on a Scottish campus?" The speaker seemed to be a teacher, and his voice was quite harsh and disgusting.
"How can a Scotsman speak the English language?" Ma Shao replied.
When these words were spoken, the man almost fainted from anger.
"I--" The teacher was furious, but then stopped abruptly.
He realized that Ma Shao was 20 centimeters taller than him and was very strong. Another reason was that he still spoke English.
Some people came to watch.
Ma Shao thought for a moment, then reached out and took out a letter: "I'm not here to fight. This is a letter from James Joule to Professor William Thomson."
Of course he has a bear.
"Are you here to deliver a letter? If so, I can help you pass it to Professor Thomson." someone said.
"Mr. Joule asked me to hand this letter to Professor Thomson personally," said Ma Shao.
As the youngest professor and director at the University of Glasgow, Kelvin naturally had a special status. Joule was also well-known in the academic world, so no one was willing to make things difficult for him.
So everyone looked at each other, and finally someone waved and said, "Okay, come with me, I'll take you to see Professor Thomson."