The Hashiras would likely show concern. Some, like Shinobu, would immediately start looking into possible medical solutions. Giyuu might be more reserved in his worry but would still keep a close eye on Tanjiro. The other demon slayers would also be affected. They look up to Tanjiro, so his sickness would lower the morale of the group. They would try to support each other while waiting for Tanjiro to recover.
Inosuke doesn't become a Hashira in the manga. The story progresses with him having other significant experiences and achievements instead of achieving that specific position.
It's hard to give an exact number. Different story arcs and battles led to the deaths of multiple hashira. Some died heroically, while others met their fate in unexpected ways. The count changes as the manga progresses.
Definitely not. Genya remains outside the ranks of Hashira throughout the manga. This is because of a combination of factors such as his skills, experiences, and the overall direction of the story.
Fan Xian's strength was above the eighth rank, but it was not explicitly mentioned whether he was eighth or ninth rank. Fan Xian's strength in Northern Qi should have reached the eighth level, but he was no match for the ninth-level aces Yan Xiaoyi and Friar He. When Fan Xian had first entered the eighth rank, he had almost been killed. Later, after experiencing many assassinations, his strength had improved. Combining this information, one could deduce that Fan Xian's strength was between the eighth and ninth ranks.