The Howler might contain Harry's anger and defiance. He could be yelling about all the harm Voldemort has caused, like the deaths of his parents and many others. It could also include threats of how Harry will stop him once and for all.
Well, it could be that Harry sends a Howler to the Ministry of Magic. He might be frustrated with their inaction or wrong decisions regarding the safety of Hogwarts. The Howler could expose some of their secrets or simply be a very public outburst of Harry's dissatisfaction, leading to a big political mess within the wizarding world.
Voldemort might initially be furious. He's not used to being challenged in such a blatant way. He could try to destroy the Howler immediately in a fit of rage.
Perhaps it leads to a confrontation between Harry and the fans, or it could inspire a change in the way the fans view Harry or Voldemort. Maybe it even sets off a chain of events that affects the entire magical world in the fanfiction.
Harry might be initially shocked and embarrassed. A Howler is a very public form of scolding, and in front of all his friends and classmates, it would be a humiliating experience for him.
Snape could also be a possibility. If Harry did something that Snape considered a serious offense in Potions class, like using an ingredient in the wrong way that could have caused an explosion, Snape might send a howler to scold him. However, it would probably also be filled with his usual sarcasm and dislike for Harry.
It could be that someone did something really wrong and Harry needed to express his strong feelings in a very public and intense way. Howlers are notorious for being attention-grabbing and forceful.
One possible reason could be that Harry has made a significant mistake in Potions class. Maybe he has endangered himself or others during an experiment, and Snape, being strict about safety and proper procedure, sends the Howler as a very public scolding.