One effective one is 'I was home alone. Then I heard a voice whispering my name from the empty basement.' It gives an immediate sense of dread as being alone at home is a common situation and an unexplained voice is very creepy.
One element is the unexpected. For example, in 'I opened the fridge. A severed hand was inside.' The normal act of opening the fridge is suddenly made terrifying by the unexpected discovery. Another is the use of the unknown. In 'I heard a knock. No one was there when I opened the door.' The mystery of who or what knocked creates fear.