drainage tile

Open ditch drainage and underground ditch drainage were two different drainage methods. Open ditch drainage referred to the digging of open ditches on the surface to guide water to the water outlet. It was suitable for draining accumulated water after heavy rain or for green areas with uneven terrain. Open ditches had the advantage of easy drainage, easy flushing, and anti-blockage, but there might be problems with odors and pests, and it would also make the ground uneven. Underground ditch drainage was used to draw water out by burying pipes or building underground ditches. It was suitable for narrow sites and large underground water. Underground ditches could keep the terrain neat and save land, but the cost was higher. There were differences in drainage methods, cover materials, and functions between open ditches and underground ditches.

Open ditch drainage and underground pipe drainage were two common methods of farmland drainage. Open ditch drainage was a method of digging drainage ditches to form a drainage ditch network. Water would flow from the field ditch network into the water transmission ditch network and finally into the drainage area (river, lake, sea). Underground drainage was a method of burying pipes underground to drain water by removing excess water from the farmland soil and lowering the water level. The underground pipe drainage could be used to filter and seep water by using sand and stone bedding, laying thick plastic pipes and crushed sand. Open ditch drainage was suitable for soil layers with better geological conditions, while underground pipe drainage could effectively control the underground water level, save land, and have a better drainage effect.

Open ditch drainage and underground ditch drainage were two different drainage methods. Open ditch drainage referred to the drainage of water through the excavated open ditch channel. Water could flow directly from various positions in the ditch. The cover was usually a comb, which could pass water. The comb or grill was used to intercept debris. Underground ditch drainage meant that water could not flow in directly. The cover was usually steel plate or concrete. The drainage ditch of the underground ditch was inclined to the water collecting well. When digging, the drainage ditch was first dug, and as it was dug, it deepened to form a underground ditch system connecting the inside and outside of the foundation pit to control the underground water level. Finally, the underground water was pumped away by a pump. Open ditch drainage was suitable for irrigation in areas with water infiltration, and it had a good effect on rainwater drainage. Dark ditch drainage was suitable for the foundation pit drainage of structures with large foundation pit depth, narrow site, and strong underground water.

Open ditch drainage was a commonly used method of drainage. It was suitable for the removal of a small amount of underground water, surface water, and rainwater in the foundation pit. Open ditch drainage is composed of open drainage ditch, water collecting well, water intake, horizontal support, vertical support plate, etc. The conditions for the use of open ditch drainage include geological conditions and aquatic conditions. The geological conditions were suitable for denser soil layers, especially soil layers with a certain degree of cohesion or stickiness, as well as hard clay mixed with sand lenses or thin layers without water supply. The water condition is suitable for the situation where the flow of underground water is small. The construction plan of open ditch drainage included the arrangement of the drainage line, the number and location of the water collecting wells, the excavation of the open ditch and the setting of the water collecting wells. The open ditch drainage method had the advantages of low cost, simple construction, and obvious effect. It was widely used in fields such as farmland, urban roads, and gardens.

Same-floor drainage was a drainage method for sanitary appliances. Its characteristic was that the drainage pipe did not need to pass through the floor, but was laid in the same floor and connected to the drainage standpipe. There were two main forms of same-floor drainage: wall-row zero-drop same-floor drainage and slightly-drop same-floor drainage. The wall row zero-drop drainage on the same floor meant that the drainage pipe went along the wall and did not occupy the vertical floor height. The bathroom could maintain the same floor height as other rooms, and the design freedom was higher, and it was beautiful and practical. The same floor drainage with micro-descending plates was a common form in China. It required the installation of dry area floor drain, which could almost achieve zero floor height difference without occupying vertical floor height. The difference between the same floor drainage and the different floor drainage was the layout of the bathroom appliances, the aesthetics of the house, and the drainage noise. The advantages of same-floor drainage were high degree of freedom in layout, beautiful houses, and low drainage noise, but there were also shortcomings such as high construction cost and difficult maintenance. In general, same-floor drainage was a healthier, more convenient, and more beautiful drainage method.

Spiral drainage pipe was a kind of pipe used in building drainage system, which had some characteristics and advantages. Spiral drainage pipe has the following characteristics: 1. Reduce noise: The design of the spiral drainage pipe can effectively reduce the noise pollution caused by drainage. The measured results showed that compared with the traditional cast iron drainage pipe, the noise of the spiral drainage pipe was about 2 to 4 decibels lower, and it had a silencing effect. 2. To prevent the damage of the floor drain seal: The spiral structure inside the spiral drainage pipe can reduce the pressure fluctuation in the pipe, avoid the damage of the water seal caused by the negative pressure of the upper user and the positive pressure of the bottom user, and improve the stability of the drainage system. 3. Increase drainage efficiency: The internal spiral structure of the spiral drainage pipe increases the friction resistance of the water flow, preventing the water flow from blocking the pipe due to inertia, improving drainage efficiency and reducing the occurrence of blockage accidents. 4. [Double silencing effect: Hollow wall spiral drainage pipe is a special structure of spiral drainage pipe. It has a double-layer structure and honeycomb-shaped holes, which can further isolate noise and have a better silencing effect.] In general, the spiral drainage pipe had the advantages of reducing noise, preventing the damage of the floor drain seal, and improving drainage efficiency. They are commonly used in the drainage system of buildings, especially for the drainage of single standpipes in high-rise buildings.

The difference between an open drain and an underground drain was the way the water flowed in and the material of the cover. Open ditches meant that water could flow directly into the ditch from various locations. The cover was usually a comb, which could pass water. The comb or grill was used to intercept debris. Underground ditches meant that water could not flow directly into them. The cover was usually made of steel or concrete, and water had to flow into the underground ditches through other means. In addition, open ditches were generally used to quickly and systematically direct surface water and rainwater to the sewers to prevent the foundation of the house from being soaked in water and ensure the stability and durability of the house. The hidden ditch was an underground drainage ditch, which had no function of seeping or collecting water.

Open ditch drainage was a method of lowering water. By setting up open drainage ditches or infiltration channels and collecting wells in the foundation pit, water was pumped out of the foundation pit. The open ditch drainage system was composed of a water collecting well, a water intake, a horizontal brace, a vertical brace, and a drainage ditch. It is suitable for drainage projects where the foundation pit is shallow, the depth of drainage is not large, and there is no quicksand and piping at the bottom of the pit. Open ditch drainage was a commonly used and simple method of rainfall. It was suitable for the drainage of a small amount of underground water, surface water, and rainwater in the trench.

Red Leaf Glaze was a love story novel with the theme of time travel. It told the story of the protagonist, White Cloud, who met various people and things in the other world, as well as the touching story between him and her lover. White Cloud was an ordinary modern university student who had accidentally transmigrated to an unfamiliar world called the " World of Flowing Light ". In this world, there were people of different races and cultural backgrounds. They lived in a big world called the "Flowing Light Continent". White Cloud began his journey in this world and met all kinds of interesting people and things. The story of Red Leaf Glaze revolved around White Cloud and his lover. White Cloud's lover was an elf of a race called " Azurite ". From the moment they met, they were destined to be together for life. On the Continent of Flowing Light, Bai Yun met Liu Li's family and friends, as well as all kinds of people and things that Liu Li had encountered. They had experienced many adventures and challenges together, as well as many separation and pain. In the end, White Cloud and Azurite overcame all difficulties and got together. Their love was so sincere and beautiful that the whole world cheered for them. In the world of red leaves and glass, White Cloud learned to cherish the person in front of him and also learned how to truly love.

The layout requirements of the horizontal branch drainage pipe include the following points: (1) The horizontal branch drainage pipe can be laid on the floor along the wall, or it can be hung on the floor with a ring with a distance of 1~1.5m. The horizontal branch pipe at the bottom should be buried. (2) Horizontal drainage pipes should not pass through settlement joints, expansion joints, flues and air passages. (3) The drainage pipe is prone to leakage and condensation, so the hanging horizontal branch pipe shall not be arranged above the equipment and raw materials that cannot be exposed to water, in the bedroom and above the stove, and under the ceiling of the warehouse, ventilation room and power distribution room. (4) The horizontal drainage pipe should not be too long to prevent the damage of the water seal of the sanitary ware caused by the siphoning effect due to the long pipe. (5) The drainage horizontal branch pipe should be inclined to the vertical pipe with a certain slope, and should turn as little as possible, especially the horizontal branch pipe connected to the toilet. It should be connected to the vertical pipe in a straight line to reduce the number of blockages and cleanouts. (6) 450 three-way or 900 inclined three-way should be used for the connection between the horizontal drainage branch pipe and the vertical pipe.