One common element is clear evidence. For example, in many cases, people provide bank statements showing low funds or large debts. Another is a detailed explanation. Just like a J1 holder who clearly stated how his family's medical bills were piling up due to a sick relative and how he couldn't contribute while on the J1. Also, support from relevant parties. Such as a university vouching for a student's good academic standing and the need for financial relief for them to continue studying.
A researcher had a J1 visa. His home country faced an economic crisis which affected his family's financial situation. They relied on him for support. He showed the economic situation reports of his home country, his family's income details before and after the crisis, and how his J1 restrictions were preventing him from helping. As a result, he got the J1 waiver financial hardship approval.
Since I'm not well - versed in J J Fletcher's specific war novels, but in general, war novels might have detailed descriptions of military strategies. Maybe J J Fletcher's works also include such aspects.
I don't know exactly who J Andrews is in this story without reading it. But it's likely the protagonist or someone central to the events of the daydream - filled day.
A key factor is a strong case for hardship. If the person can show that going back to their home country would cause extreme hardship, like in cases of political unrest or lack of proper medical facilities for a pre - existing condition. Another is having a valid offer of employment or study in the US that is in the public interest.
I don't have enough details to know exactly who he is. He could be a writer, an artist, or just an ordinary person with an interesting story to tell in The New Yorker.
The J1 origin story could refer to many things. If J1 is a product, it might start with the idea of a designer or a company aiming to meet a certain market need. For example, if it's a new type of gadget, perhaps it was born out of the inventor's passion for simplifying daily tasks. They might have noticed a gap in the market for a more user - friendly device and thus began the journey of creating J1.