The principle of bleachings was to make objects lose their color through the oxidisation properties of bleaches. Different types of bleaches had different principles. The principle of the bleaching-powder was that the bleaching-powder would produce hypochloric acid when it came into contact with water. The hypochloric acid could catalyze the coloring matter, thus achieving the purpose of the bleaching-powder. The principle of hydrogen dioxide was that hydrogen dioxide was a strong oxidiser. It could destroy the " chromophore " inside the organic color substance and cause it to lose its original color. The principle of the absorption bleachings was that the substance had a large surface area, which could absorb the dye and make the substance fade. Other bleaches such as sulfur dioxide and ClO2 had similar principles. In general, bleaches change the color of objects or fade them through an oxidization reaction.
The principle of reducing bleaches was to make use of the reduction effect of the dye to fade. The color of organic matter was produced by the color groups contained in its molecules, and the color groups contained unsaturated bonds. The reducing bleaches release hydrogen atoms, causing the saturated bonds contained in the coloring base to become single bonds, and the organic matter would lose its color. This kind of bleacher can make the coloring in food decompose and fade through reduction.
The eye of a typhoon was a special area in the center of the typhoon. The formation principle was that the wind inside the typhoon rotated counterclockwise, causing the air in the center to rotate. The centrifugal force generated by the rotation and the wind force rotating toward the center balanced each other, resulting in a windless phenomenon within dozens of kilometers of the typhoon center. In addition, the air in the eye area of the typhoon sank and warmed up, causing the clouds to dissipate and the rain to disperse. The weather was clear.
There were many ways to prepare the bleachers. One of the common methods was to add Cl2 into water to form Cl2 and Cl3. This kind of bleachers used its strong oxidization ability to vaporize the "chromophore" inside the organic color substance, causing it to lose its original color. The other method was to prepare the bleachers by vaporizing salt water, which would produce both NaClO and NaOx. The content of the bleachers could vary depending on the preparation method, and was generally between 4-15%. In addition, the active ingredients in the bleachers were mainly the two main ingredients, namely, the hypochlorites and the chlorites. In general, the principle of the preparation of the bleachers was to use the strong oxidization of the bleachers to achieve the bleachability of the colored substances.
The construction principle of Xuankong Temple was to distribute the weight of the building on the supporting structure to achieve the effect of hanging on the cliff. Xuankong Temple used the principles of mechanics to insert flying beams as the foundation, relying on the rocks as the hidden support. The beams and columns were one body, and the corridors were connected to the left and right. The plank road that looked up at the sky was only supported by a few vertical and horizontal logs. The true center of gravity of Xuan Kong Temple was supported by the hard rock, using the principles of mechanics and the structure of the flying beam. In addition, the wood used for the flying beams of Xuankong Temple was the local specialty hemlock wood. It was soaked in tung oil before use to prevent corrosion and insects. These special architectural designs and materials allowed Xuan Kong Temple to remain standing for thousands of years and become one of the world's greatest architectural miracles.
The construction principle of Xuankong Temple was to use mechanical principles and rock support to distribute the weight of the building on the supporting structure to achieve the effect of hanging on the cliff. To be more specific, Xuankong Temple used a half-inserted flying beam as the foundation. With the support of the rock, the beam and column were one body, and the corridor was connected to the left and right, forming an entire wooden frame structure. In addition, Xuankong Temple chose a suitable cliff as the construction site to ensure that the cliff had sufficient height and straightness to ensure the stability and safety of the building when it was suspended. In general, the architectural principle of Xuankong Temple was to hang the building on the cliff, creating a unique and spectacular architectural form.
The principle of the rinsing process was that the reaction of the reagent with water would produce hypobaric acid (HClO), which was highly oxidistic. When the Cl2 gas encounters a wet colored substance, the hypobaric acid can vaporize it into a colorless substance, thereby achieving a rinsing effect. The effect of the bleachings was permanent, meaning that the bleached substance could not restore its original color. Therefore, the principle of the rinsing of the Cl2 gas was to achieve the rinsing process by vaporizing the colored substances into colorless substances.
The principle of oil extraction was to extract oil from underground oil reserves through a series of geological exploration, drilling, and production processes. The specific principles of oil extraction included geological exploration, drilling, completion, sealing, and artificial lifting. By analyzing the formation structure, rock properties, and the characteristics of oil-bearing formations, geological exploration determined the location and nature of the oil reservoir. The drilling was the key process of passing the steel pipe through the ground and into the oil reservoir. Completion and sealing were steps to ensure the stability of the well wall and prevent oil leakage. When the pressure of the oil layer was not enough to allow the oil to rise to the ground by itself, artificial lifting techniques such as sucker rod pump and electric pump were needed to extract the oil from the bottom of the well. In short, the principle of oil extraction was to extract oil from underground oil reserves through exploration, drilling, and production processes.