There's also the possibility of a new, unknown threat emerging from a different dimension or realm. This antagonist could be a powerful being with abilities that the ninja world has never seen before. He sees Naruto's newfound power as a threat to his own plans of conquest and decides to target him first, leading to a series of epic battles across different locations in the Naruto universe.
Well, one possibility is that Naruto has mastered some extremely powerful jutsu during the time skip. Maybe he's found a way to combine different elemental chakra in a new and unique way that gives him an edge in battles. He could be facing new, more menacing villains who are after his newfound power.
It could be a rogue ninja who has mastered a forbidden jutsu during the time skip. This ninja might have been a former ally or a student from one of the ninja academies who turned to the dark side. His goal could be to take over all the ninja villages using the power of the forbidden jutsu.
It could be a rogue ninja who has been secretly observing Naruto during his training trip. This ninja, jealous of Naruto's growth, decides to target him and the village he protects. He has some unique and dangerous abilities that even Naruto's new - found power will have a hard time dealing with at first.
It could be an ancient evil ninja who was sealed away long ago and somehow gets released in the time chamber. Naruto has to face this powerful foe while also dealing with the time - warped environment of the chamber.
Perhaps an outsider from a far - off land. This antagonist could be part of a group that wants to disrupt the balance of power in the ninja world by eliminating the potential of the rookies in Konoha. They see Naruto and his fellow rookies as a threat to their future plans.
It could be Danzo. He has always been suspicious of Naruto and might see this as an opportunity to get rid of him for good. He could spread false information to make the village turn against Naruto after the Pein attack.
It could be a power - hungry shinobi from another village. This shinobi sees Naruto's exile as an opportunity to gain more power and influence in the ninja world. He might try to hunt Naruto down to prove his own strength or to steal Naruto's secrets.
Perhaps a secret organization within the Hidden Leaf that wants to take over the village. They use Naruto as a scapegoat, getting him banished so they can carry out their evil plans without interference from Naruto. They would be the main antagonists as they are the ones behind the false accusations and the push for his banishment.
The main antagonist could also be a corrupt official within the Wave Country itself. After the events of the first mission, this official could have risen to power and now has plans to use his position to gain more control, even if it means going against Konoha. He could be secretly working with other villains or using his own resources to create problems for Naruto and his friends.
Perhaps a new, unknown force. With Naruto gone, a previously hidden group with a vendetta against the ninja villages could emerge. They might blame the villages for the destruction caused during the war and see Naruto's death as the perfect time to strike, when the villages are still recovering and vulnerable.