Symbolism also plays a big role. In many of these books, colors or objects are used to represent the black and white aspects. For instance, in 'The Lord of the Flies', the conch shell represents order (a kind of white or good aspect) and the beast represents chaos (the black or bad aspect). The boys on the island gradually shift from a more orderly state to a more chaotic one, highlighting the black and white struggle between civilization and savagery.
One characteristic is the clear - cut division of characters or groups. For example, in a dystopian novel, there might be the oppressors and the oppressed, just like in 'Brave New World'. Here, the Alphas are at the top of the social hierarchy, while the Epsilons are at the bottom, creating a black and white view of society.