To identify the literary elements of science fiction, first pay attention to the concepts that are based on scientific ideas but not yet proven. Such as teleportation or mind - reading abilities. Then, consider the characters. Are they in situations that are a result of scientific or technological changes? If so, that's part of the science fiction elements. Another way is to look at the overall theme. If it's about how humanity will deal with the consequences of a major scientific discovery, like cloning, then it's got those science fiction literary elements.
You can identify the literary elements of science fiction by examining the setting. A science fiction story might be set on an alien planet with strange landscapes and different gravity. Next, check for technological advancements. High - tech devices like force fields or genetic engineering are typical elements. Also, look at the plot. If it involves time travel and the resulting paradoxes, or if it's about a struggle against an AI uprising, these are all signs of science fiction literary elements. Moreover, the exploration of social and ethical issues related to new technologies is also a characteristic of science fiction.