One key difference is the intended audience. Literary fiction often targets a more niche, educated audience interested in high - brow literature. Mainstream fiction is designed for the general public. Also, literary fiction may be more experimental in terms of style and content. It might deal with difficult or controversial topics in a more nuanced way compared to mainstream fiction which tends to stay within more comfortable boundaries to ensure mass appeal.
Literary fiction often focuses on complex characters and in - depth exploration of the human condition. It may not always have a straightforward plot. Mainstream fiction, on the other hand, usually aims to appeal to a wide audience with more accessible stories and familiar themes. For example, a mainstream thriller might have a fast - paced plot full of action, while a literary novel could be more about a character's internal struggle and growth over time.
Literary fiction is typically more concerned with the quality of writing, such as using elaborate language and unique narrative techniques. Mainstream fiction is more likely to follow popular formulas. For instance, in mainstream romance novels, there are often common tropes like the meet - cute and the happily - ever - after. In contrast, literary fiction might break traditional narrative structures to convey a deeper meaning.