One of the best ways is through the use of cliffhangers at the end of chapters. For example, if a character is about to open a door that might lead to danger or a big revelation, it makes the reader eager to turn the page. Another way is by creating a race against time. Let's say the protagonist has to defuse a bomb in a limited time, the ticking clock adds a lot of tension.
You can build tension by creating time pressure for the characters or introducing unexpected obstacles.
You can build romantic tension by having characters have intense emotional moments but then pull back or hesitate. Also, introducing a potential rival for one of the characters' affections can add to the tension. Subtle hints and looks exchanged between the characters can build anticipation too.
Building tension is all about ratcheting up the suspense. It could be by having characters face difficult choices with high consequences, or by introducing elements of mystery that haven't been solved yet. It keeps the readers hooked and eager to find out what happens next.
Giving the character a complex backstory is a great method. A character's past experiences, such as a difficult childhood or a major life event, can shape who they are in the present of the story. It can explain their motives, fears, and desires. Additionally, interactions with other characters can build character. How they respond to different personalities, whether they get along or clash, all contribute to their development.
You can start by creating a sense of uncertainty. Make readers wonder what's going to happen next. Also, build up to important events slowly to increase anticipation.
One way is to use slow pacing and build up suspense gradually. Let the reader or viewer wonder what's coming next.
By using cliffhangers at the end of chapters. For instance, just when the main character is about to discover a crucial clue, end the page with something like 'She reached out her hand, her heart pounding, not knowing what she would find.' This makes the reader eager to turn the page.
You can also use the power of the unknown. Don't reveal too much too soon. Just give hints about what might be out there. For instance, the character hears a growl, but they don't know what kind of creature it could be. Is it a wild animal? Or something more sinister? Also, create a sense of isolation for the character. If they're alone in a big, empty place, it adds to their vulnerability and the tension of the situation. And don't forget to use short, choppy sentences when the action starts to pick up to increase the sense of urgency.
Tension can be built by introducing unexpected twists and turns. Maybe a trusted ally betrays the protagonist or a seemingly easy solution turns out to be a trap. Additionally, ratcheting up the stakes for the characters makes the story more tense.
One way is to introduce time pressure or deadlines for the characters. When they have to act quickly, it naturally creates tension.