Well, in this kind of fanfiction, Dumbledore himself would be the main antagonist since the title implies that he is the one 'breaking' Harry. He would be acting against Harry's well - being and goals.
The pure - blood family that arranged the marriage contract could be the main antagonist. They might have a lot to lose in terms of status, power, or wealth if the contract is broken. So, they would do everything in their power to force Harry to uphold it, even using dark magic or underhanded tactics.
Another possibility is that the antagonist is a powerful and ancient magical being that has its own agenda. This being doesn't want Harry to reach his full potential as Dumbledore hopes because it fears that a powerful Harry could disrupt the balance it has been maintaining in the magical world for centuries. So it tries to create obstacles for Dumbledore's efforts to help Harry.
Another possibility is that the main antagonist could be some sort of ancient evil that is awakened by the events in the fanfic. Dumbledore might have given Snape to Harry because he sensed this new threat. This ancient evil could have powers that are unknown to the modern wizarding world and it would be up to Harry and Snape to figure out how to defeat it.
Dumbledore himself could be seen as the main antagonist in this scenario. Since Harry is set on taking him down, Dumbledore's actions, whether they are truly malicious or just misinterpreted, would be the main obstacle for Harry to overcome.
It could be Orochimaru. He might use Naruto's actions of breaking something related to Tsunade (like a seal she was relying on) to his advantage. Orochimaru could manipulate the situation to make Tsunade look weak or to cause chaos in the village.
Another possible antagonist could be a group within the wizarding world who doesn't want Dumbledore's plans to be exposed. They might have been benefiting from Dumbledore's secrecy or they believe that his plans, although seemingly unethical to Harry, were necessary for the greater good. They would then try to stop Harry from revealing the truth.
Another possible antagonist could be the Ministry of Magic. If they suspect Harry of something and force Tonks to spy on him or cut ties with him, it would break Harry's heart. The Ministry's strict rules and paranoia could be the driving force behind Tonks' actions that lead to Harry's heartbreak.
It could be Voldemort. He might have found a way to manipulate Harry into attacking Dumbledore's office. By doing this, he not only causes chaos in Hogwarts but also tries to drive a wedge between Harry and Dumbledore.
Another possibility is that there is no real 'antagonist' in the traditional sense. Instead, it could be the circumstances that act as the 'antagonist'. For example, the differences in their worlds, their duties, and the fact that they come from such different backgrounds could be what causes Erza to break Naruto's heart.
One reason could be a misunderstanding. Maybe Harry discovers something that he misinterprets about Dumbledore's actions or plans. For example, if he finds out about some of Dumbledore's more secretive dealings in a way that makes him seem untrustworthy at first glance.