One characteristic is the use of visuals to enhance the storytelling. The art style can range from realistic to anime - like. In many cases, the character designs are very distinct, which helps the player to easily identify and connect with the characters. For instance, in a fantasy visual novel, the unique character designs for elves, wizards etc. add to the overall charm. Another aspect is the branching paths in the story. Depending on the choices made by the player, the story can lead to different endings. This gives a sense of agency to the player and makes the experience more immersive.
Finished visual novels usually have a complete story arc. They start with an introduction to the setting, characters, and the initial situation. For example, in a mystery - themed visual novel, it will introduce the mystery at the start.
Sound design is also an important characteristic. Background music sets the mood, whether it's a tense moment in a thriller - type visual novel or a romantic scene in a love - story based one. Voice acting, if present, can bring the characters to life even more. Some finished visual novels also have a strong theme running through them, like the exploration of human nature, the value of friendship, or the pursuit of dreams. This theme ties all the elements of the story together and gives it a deeper meaning.