Great German short novels and stories often deal with the individual's relationship with society. In 'Michael Kohlhaas', Kohlhaas' fight for justice is also a fight against the social order. They also can have a touch of the supernatural or the uncanny. 'The Jew's Beech Tree' has elements that are not easily explained rationally. Moreover, they may use historical or cultural references to add depth, as seen in many works set in specific German regions and time periods.
One characteristic is their deep exploration of human nature. For example, in 'The Metamorphosis', Kafka shows how quickly family relations can change when faced with the abnormal. Another is the use of rich and detailed settings. In 'The White Horse Rider', Storm's description of the North German coast makes it almost a character in itself. Also, many German short works often have complex moral and ethical themes.