How can we identify the traits of a dystopian novel?
To identify the traits, pay attention to the power structure. If it's highly centralized and oppressive, like a single dictator or a small group ruling with an iron fist, it's a trait. Another way is to look at the role of technology. If technology is used to suppress rather than help people, it's likely a dystopian novel. Also, the presence of a false sense of utopia, where things seem perfect on the surface but are actually very wrong underneath, is a common trait in dystopian novels.
Look for a society that seems broken or wrong in fundamental ways. If there's a sense of constant surveillance, that's a sign. For instance, cameras everywhere in the story. Also, if people seem to be living in fear of the authorities, it's likely a dystopian trait.
First, check for a lack of basic human rights. In dystopian novels, characters often can't do simple things like assemble freely. Second, if there is a very unequal distribution of resources. Some people have everything while others have almost nothing. And third, if the environment is in a very bad state, like poisoned air or water, it could be a dystopian trait. A good example is when the sea is full of trash and the land is barren in some dystopian stories.
