Perhaps it's a work that uses science - fiction elements to question and re - examine the concepts of sin, redemption, and salvation in Christianity. The story could present scenarios where the traditional understanding of these concepts is challenged. For instance, if an alien race has a different moral code, how does that impact a Christian's view of right and wrong? It's a thought - provoking exploration that combines religious and science - fiction themes.
This might be a story that delves into the conflict between scientific knowledge and religious beliefs in a fictional world. The 'case of conscience' could refer to a character's internal struggle when these two aspects clash. For example, if a scientist in a science - fiction world discovers something that goes against Christian teachings, how does he or she deal with it? It's a complex exploration of faith, knowledge, and the human psyche in a speculative context.