One possibility in this fanfiction is that Naruto is exposed to a powerful and otherworldly energy source. This energy could be from a different dimension or a long - forgotten relic. When he comes into contact with it, his body absorbs and adapts to it in a way that allows him to control black fire. This new power also comes with its own set of challenges and responsibilities for Naruto as he tries to integrate it into his existing set of skills.
Well, it could be that Naruto's own chakra nature evolves in an extreme way. His Uzumaki bloodline might have some hidden potential that, when combined with his experiences and growth as a ninja, mutates into the ability to control black holes. For example, his chakra, which is already very powerful, could reach a new level where it can warp space to form black holes.
He might face powerful rogue ninjas. These ninjas could be after the power of the black fire for themselves. They would see Naruto as a threat and try to take him down to get the power.
There are fanfictions where Naruto uses the black fire after making a pact with a powerful entity. This entity could have granted him the ability to use the black fire. He may use it in a strategic way during battles, like surrounding his opponents with walls of black fire to trap them.
In some fanfictions, Naruto might obtain the ability to control gold dust through a special encounter. Maybe he meets an ancient spirit or a powerful ninja who imparts this unique skill to him.
In some fanfiction concepts, it could be due to a new, powerful jutsu he discovers or perhaps as a result of some ancient curse or blessing that is bestowed upon him.
In some fanfictions, Naruto might gain the ability to control iron through special training with a unique jutsu master. This master could teach him how to manipulate the iron elements in the environment using his chakra in a very specific way.
In some fanfictions, Naruto might gain the ability to control the weather through a special training. Maybe he discovers a hidden jutsu or power within himself during a difficult mission or in a secret place. For example, he could find an ancient scroll that teaches him weather - controlling techniques.
Another way could be as a result of a special encounter. Maybe he discovers a hidden scroll or a mysterious artifact that imparts the power of lightning control to him. This discovery could be accidental, like when he's exploring an ancient ruin or during a battle when he stumbles upon something unexpected.
In some fanfictions, Naruto might gain the ability to control the flood through a special training with a hermit who has water - based powers. This hermit could teach Naruto unique jutsu related to water manipulation on a large scale.
In some fanfictions, it could be related to an ancient bloodline limit that was dormant in Naruto all along. His Uzumaki heritage might have some connection to water - related powers, and through some sort of emotional or physical trigger, he is able to access and control the ocean.