How does Bakhtin's Modern Stylistics and the Novel influence modern literary criticism?

One key concept is the polyphonic nature of the novel. Bakhtin argues that the novel contains multiple voices and perspectives, not just a single authoritative voice. Another important aspect is the idea of heteroglossia, which refers to the variety of languages and speech types within a novel. This can include different social dialects, jargons, and individual styles of speech.

It also affects how we analyze character development. Because of Bakhtin's ideas, we look at how characters' voices interact with others and how they change over time in relation to different discourses. For instance, a character may start off with a narrow view but through dialogues with other characters, their view expands.

The use of symbolism in 'Moby Dick' has been emulated in modern literary fiction. Just as Moby Dick can be seen as a symbol of many things, modern authors use symbols to add layers of meaning to their works. For example, in some dystopian novels, certain animals or objects might symbolize power or resistance.

Derrida's deconstruction theory has a significant impact on the modern novel. His ideas about the instability of meaning can make novelists more aware of the multiple interpretations of words and stories. For example, it may lead them to create more complex and ambiguous plots, where the 'truth' is not so straightforward. This encourages readers to engage more deeply in the process of decoding the text.

Their style can influence literary criticism by providing a more in - depth understanding of the language in fiction. It allows critics to focus on the nuances of how an author uses words, which in turn can lead to a more comprehensive analysis of the work.

It has influenced the way modern literature approaches character development. By emphasizing the importance of inner thoughts, modern writers are more likely to create complex and multi - dimensional characters. For instance, many contemporary novels now delve deep into a character's psyche.

Modern Chinese literary criticism can be roughly divided into three categories: Realist criticism: emphasizing that literary works reflect social reality, pay attention to the authenticity and profundity of characters and plots, and emphasize the criticism and revelation of literature to reality. 2. Romanticism criticism: focusing on emotional and aesthetic descriptions, emphasizing the personality and artistry of literature, focusing on the emotional and psychological descriptions of characters and plots, emphasizing the redemption and salvation of individuals in literature. 3. Modern criticism: emphasizing the innovation and uniqueness of literary forms, paying attention to the freedom and expressiveness of novels, poems and other literary forms, emphasizing the transcendence and transformation of literature to traditional culture and language.

Lukács' work influenced how critics view the relationship between history and literature in the context of the historical novel. His ideas made critics more aware of how the historical context in a novel can shape the plot, characters, and themes. For example, it made them consider how a novel set during a revolution would have different characteristics compared to one set during a more stable historical period. Also, his study encouraged critics to explore how historical novels can serve as a means of historical interpretation, not just as fictional stories. This led to a deeper examination of the ideological and cultural implications within historical novels.

The book also had an impact on the way literary criticism approached the study of genre. It made it clear that the historical novel was not just a simple combination of history and fiction, but a complex genre with its own set of rules and functions. Lukacs' ideas led to more in - depth studies of how different historical novels related to the historical periods they were set in, and how they contributed to the overall literary landscape at different times.

The influence of psychology on the themes of the modern novel is significant. Take the theme of morality as an example. Psychology can be used to analyze how characters develop their moral compasses. Their upbringing, personal experiences, and psychological traits all play a part in shaping their moral beliefs. Also, the theme of madness in modern novels often has a psychological basis. Writers use psychological understanding to depict the descent into madness, whether it's due to external pressures or internal psychological conflicts. In this way, psychology helps to define and expand on the themes in modern novels.