The key elements include Peter Parker's origin. The spider bite that gives him powers is fundamental. Also, his rogues' gallery of villains. They are all unique and challenging opponents. Another key element is his personal relationships, like with Aunt May who is like a mother figure to him.
Well, first of all, his superpowers are a key element. They define what he can do in the story. Then, his sense of responsibility. It's what drives him to keep fighting crime. The relationships he has with other superheroes in the Marvel Universe are also important. He teams up with them, has conflicts with them, and all these interactions are part of the full story. And his never - ending fight against evil, whether it's the classic villains or new threats that keep emerging.