O. Henry creates effective twist endings by carefully constructing the plot. He sets up a situation that seems ordinary or going in a certain direction. Then he adds small details along the way that seem insignificant at first but later become crucial in justifying the twist. Also, his understanding of human nature helps. He creates characters with believable motives and desires, and when the twist occurs, it often stems from those motives in an unexpected way. In 'The Cop and the Anthem', Soapy tries so hard to get arrested for the winter, but when he finally decides to reform, he gets arrested. This shows how he plays with the readers' expectations based on the characters' actions and desires.
By using irony and contrast. He'll present a character with a particular goal or situation. And then, through a series of events, he'll introduce an element that is completely opposite to what the reader anticipates. In his stories, the characters might be on a path that seems straightforward, but then there's a sudden shift due to an unforeseen event or a hidden truth. This contrast between what was expected and what actually occurs is what makes the twist endings so effective. His stories often have a sense of humor too, which makes the twist endings more palatable and interesting.
He uses misdirection. He makes the readers focus on one aspect of the story, and then suddenly reveals something completely different at the end. For example, in some stories, he may lead the reader to think a character is going to succeed in a particular endeavor, but then at the last moment, something unexpected happens that thwarts that success.
One way is to mislead the reader throughout the story. For example, introduce a character who seems like the hero but in the end, turns out to be the villain. Another method is to suddenly change the direction of the plot. Maybe the story has been about a treasure hunt, but at the end, it's revealed that the real treasure was a friendship all along. Also, withholding crucial information until the very end can create a great twist. Like in a mystery story, where the identity of the killer is hidden until the last moment.
In many of his stories, like 'The Gift of the Magi', there is situational irony. The wife sells her long hair to buy a chain for her husband's watch, while the husband sells his watch to buy combs for her hair. They both sacrifice something precious, but the gifts they get for each other seem useless because of what they sold.
The stories often build up a certain expectation throughout the narrative. Take 'After Twenty Years' for instance. The two friends are supposed to meet after such a long time. But then, one of them turns out to be a criminal wanted by the police. The twists are not just for the sake of being surprising; they also often reveal something deeper about human nature, such as the sacrifices in love, the unpredictability of life, or the complexity of moral choices.
Typically, the twist in an O. Henry novel is ingenious and catches you off guard. It might involve a sudden revelation about a character or a plot element that turns everything on its head.
The stories often show the economic hardships. For example, in 'The Gift of the Magi', the young couple is clearly not wealthy. It also reflects on human relationships. People were trying to make ends meet and still find love and kindness. The characters' actions are often influenced by their social and economic status.
Writers can use a plot twist at the end. For instance, revealing that a seemingly good character was actually the villain all along. This catches the reader off - guard.
Another way is to look at the character arcs. Ensure that the ending reflects the changes the characters have gone through. If a character was initially shy and withdrawn but has become more confident during the story, the ending could show them using their new - found confidence in a significant way, like speaking up in front of a large crowd.
The slow - paced narrative in his stories adds to the suspense. He takes his time to develop the characters and their situations before fully delving into the ghostly encounters. This gradual build - up makes the appearance of the ghosts or the climax of the supernatural events all the more impactful.
His use of language is also vivid. He can paint a detailed picture of the characters and settings in just a few words. For instance, he can quickly establish the character of a shrewd con - man or a kind - hearted but poor young woman. He also uses a lot of dialogue to move the story forward, making the characters come alive.
One way to create such a twist is to carefully develop your characters. Give them hidden motives or secrets that can be revealed later as a twist. In old Henry stories, he often used character backstories to create these twists. Also, think about the plot structure. Build up to a seemingly inevitable conclusion and then change it completely at the last moment. For instance, if your story is about a treasure hunt, make the readers think the treasure is in one place but then reveal it's somewhere entirely different due to a secret connection one of the characters has.