Jiraiya is often a common character. Since he was Naruto's teacher and had knowledge of sage training himself, he might appear in the fanfiction to guide Naruto further. Another one could be Kakashi. He is always looking out for Naruto and could be involved in the training in some way, like providing strategic advice.
Sakura could be a character in such fanfiction. She might be involved in Naruto's sage training by providing medical support or by having her own role in the overall plot related to the training. For example, she could discover a new medical jutsu that helps Naruto during his intense sage training sessions. Additionally, Sasuke could also be present. Maybe he and Naruto have some sort of rivalry - based training where they both push each other to improve their sage - related skills.
The toads from Mount Myōboku are also very common characters in 'naruto sage training fanfiction'. They are an essential part of Naruto's original sage training. In fanfiction, they could have new roles or abilities. For example, the Great Toad Sage could give Naruto a special prophecy or task that is related to his further sage training and development.
Obviously, Naruto is the central character. But there are also often other characters like Jiraiya. Since Jiraiya was Naruto's mentor in the original story and had knowledge about sage mode, he often appears in fanfics to guide Naruto in his training. Another common character could be Kakashi. He may offer some advice or support to Naruto during the training process.
Hinata could also be a common character. She may try to help Naruto secretly, or be heartbroken by his banishment and strive to change the village's decision. Another character could be Kakashi. He might be one of the few who believe in Naruto's innocence and try to find a way to bring him back to the village.
Sasuke could be a common character. He might be in a situation where he has to choose between helping Naruto or following the village's orders when Naruto is on the run.
Sakura can also be a common character. She could be worried about Naruto and try to find him. Maybe she has her own reasons for wanting to bring him back, like her feelings for him or her loyalty to the village.
Iruka - sensei is a character that can show up. Since he was important in Naruto's life, he could play a role in the girl's upbringing too. He might help with her education in the ninja academy. Also, the Akatsuki members could be antagonists in some stories. Their actions might force Naruto to protect the girl more fiercely, and this would drive the plot forward as Naruto battles against them to keep the girl safe.
Kakashi could be a key character in the fanfiction. As Naruto's former teacher, he could provide guidance and set up the extreme training regimens for Naruto. Also, characters like Jiraiya might be present. Since he trained Naruto in the original series, he could play an important role in this extreme training scenario, perhaps teaching Naruto some advanced toad - related techniques.
Hinata is also likely to be present. Given her feelings for Naruto in the original series, in the fanfiction she could be part of the harem, and her shy nature could contrast with Naruto's new - found fox sage confidence.
Jiraiya is another character that could be present. As Naruto's mentor, he would be concerned about Naruto getting the cursed seal. He might try to find a way to remove it or at least teach Naruto how to manage it without losing himself. Jiraiya's vast knowledge of ninja arts could play a crucial role in Naruto's struggle with the cursed seal.
Sakura could be a common character. Since she has a history with Naruto, she might be part of the harem in some fanfictions. Also, Tenten could be included as she is another female ninja in the Naruto universe. And Ino, with her strong personality, could also be written into the harem scenario.
Kakashi could also be a character in 'naruto and naruko harem fanfiction'. He can be the mentor figure, guiding Naruto and Naruko through different situations. His wisdom can influence how the harem relationships develop, for example, by giving Naruto advice on how to handle multiple relationships in a proper way.