Well, it might be about the human condition in general. The fat man could be a symbol of the outsider in society. His story could show how society often marginalizes those who don't fit the 'normal' physical or social norms. The story could also be exploring the concept of self - acceptance in the face of social judgment.
Obviously, the fat man is one of the main characters. But there might also be other characters who interact with him, like those who judge him or those who are his friends (if he has any in the story).
Perhaps the 'fat man' was a religious figure. His significance could then be tied to his teachings and the influence he had on the religious community. His physical appearance might have been used in religious parables or stories within that community to teach lessons about humility, gluttony, or some other moral values. And his interactions with other religious leaders or his role in the development of religious institutions would be important aspects of his significance in the history of that religious group.
There could be many 'fat men' in various history stories. Without more context, it's hard to be specific. It could be a character who was physically fat and had a significant role in a particular historical event or period.
Since I'm not familiar with this specific 'fat man sufi story', if we assume it follows the general pattern of Sufi stories, themes might include the importance of inner transformation. The 'fat man' could be a symbol for a state of being that needs to be changed or refined on the spiritual path. Another possible theme could be about the role of the body in the spiritual life. Maybe the story shows how the physical state of being fat relates to the spiritual state of the character, whether it's a hindrance or something that can be used as a tool for growth. Also, the concept of surrender to a higher power is often present in Sufi tales, and this could be part of the story too.
There are several important themes in the 'Ball of Fat' short story. Morality is a big one. We see the different moral compasses of the characters. Some seem to have no moral scruples at all when dealing with Ball of Fat, while others struggle with their own sense of right and wrong. Additionally, the theme of female vulnerability is prominent. As a female in a difficult situation, Ball of Fat is highly vulnerable to the actions and demands of the male characters.
Another theme could be transformation. The rich fat man might go through a change in the story, perhaps realizing the emptiness of his material - rich life and seeking something more spiritual. Sufi stories are known for showing characters' spiritual journeys. It could also be about humility. His wealth might have made him proud, and through the events of the story, he learns to be humble.
I'm not entirely sure who all the main characters are without reading the book. However, it's likely that there are characters related to the historical settings in which the fat man is placed. These could be people from different social classes, like a nobleman who looks down on the fat man, or a poor beggar who has an unexpected encounter with him. There might also be family members or acquaintances of the fat man that are central to some of the stories, perhaps showing different sides of his personality or how he is perceived within his own social circle.
The 'the fat man short story' might be about a fat man who has some sort of transformation. It could start with his normal life, perhaps a bit dull or difficult due to his weight. Then something happens, like he discovers a new hobby or meets someone special. This event could lead to a change in his attitude towards himself and his life. For example, he might start to exercise not because he wants to lose weight in the typical sense, but because he wants to be healthier for this new aspect of his life. Or it could be a story that shows the fat man as a hero in a unique situation, defying the expectations people have of him because of his physical appearance.
One possible theme could be the human condition. The 'fat man' might symbolize certain aspects of society or individuals within it, perhaps exploring how people are perceived or how they interact with the world around them.
In the 'fat man short story', the fat man could be the central figure in a plot that involves his relationships. Maybe he has a group of friends who initially judge him because of his size, but as the story progresses, they come to see his true character. It could also be a story about his struggle with health issues related to his weight.