There are several. One is the theme of urbanization. With more and more people moving to cities, Victorian novels explored the problems and opportunities that came with it, like overcrowding and new forms of employment. The theme of social mobility was also important. Some characters were able to move up the social ladder through hard work or marriage, while others were trapped in their lower - class status. And the theme of sentimentality was present in many Victorian novels, with an emphasis on emotions and the power of love.
Important themes of Victorian novels are the concept of the self. Characters were constantly exploring their own identities in the context of a changing society. Also, the theme of imperialism. The Victorian era was a time of great imperial expansion, and novels sometimes glorified or questioned the idea of the British Empire. And then there is the theme of education. It was seen as a way to improve one's social standing, and novels showed how access to education varied among different classes.