What are the common themes in M R James' medieval ghost stories?
Isolation is another theme. The characters are often alone when they encounter the supernatural. In 'Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad', the protagonist is by himself on the desolate beach when the strange events occur, which adds to the sense of horror.
One common theme is the power of the past. His stories often involve old curses or wrongdoings from medieval times that come back to haunt the present. For example, in 'Casting the Runes', the ancient rune has the power to bring misfortune.
The theme of the unknown and the unknowable is prevalent. James likes to leave things unexplained or only partially revealed. In 'The Mezzotint', the true nature of the changing picture remains somewhat of a mystery, making the story all the more chilling.
