Another challenge would be the level of power they start at. Gohan has extremely high power levels as a Saiyan, especially if he has access to his Super Saiyan forms. Naruto, while very powerful in his own right, might find it hard to keep up at first. This could lead to feelings of inadequacy on Naruto's part and pressure on Gohan to not accidentally harm Naruto during training.
One challenge could be overexertion. He might push his body too far and risk injury. In fanfiction, Naruto's intense training might also attract unwanted attention from enemies who see his growth as a threat. Another challenge could be self - doubt. Despite his determination, there might be moments when he questions if his efforts are enough to reach his goals.
One challenge would be Harry's strong will. He has his own beliefs and values that are opposed to Bellatrix's dark ideology. Another challenge could be hiding Harry from Voldemort. Voldemort might not approve of Bellatrix raising Harry in her own way. Also, Bellatrix herself has a reputation to uphold among the Death Eaters, and raising Harry could be seen as a risky and strange move.
He might face powerful enemies. For example, if the enemies are from a secret organization with strong and unknown jutsu, Naruto would have to quickly figure out their weaknesses. This could be difficult as he has no prior knowledge of them.
One challenge could be Naruto's impulsive nature. He often rushes into things without thinking, and Tsunade would have to find a way to rein him in. Another might be dealing with Naruto's fame. Since he is the Jinchuriki of the Nine - Tails, he has a lot of attention on him, and Tsunade would need to protect him from those who might want to use or harm him.
One challenge could be the physical strain. The Harashin technique might require a different kind of chakra control and physical movement than what Naruto is used to. For example, it could demand more precise and rapid movements, which might be difficult for Naruto at first.
One challenge would be the secrecy. Naruto is used to being open and honest with his friends, but in ANBU, he has to keep things hidden. Another is the new type of missions. He may not be used to the stealth and assassination - type missions that ANBU often undertakes.
One challenge could be cultural differences. Naruto is from the ninja world with its own set of values and traditions, while Yasaka is from the youkai world. Another might be the acceptance of their relationship by their respective communities. The ninja might be suspicious of a youkai, and the youkai might not fully trust a human like Naruto at first.
He would also face challenges in terms of security. With the Senju name comes a target on his back from old enemies. Enemies might try to take advantage of any perceived weakness during his early days as Hokage. In addition, he would need to manage Konoha's resources carefully. There could be disputes over how to allocate resources between different ninja teams and departments, and he'd have to make tough decisions.
One major challenge would be changing the Akatsuki's reputation. They're known as a group of villains, and Naruto would have to work hard to make them seem more like a force for good. Another challenge would be dealing with the internal power struggles among the members. Some might not be happy with Naruto's leadership style. Also, he'd have to face the opposition from the Hidden Villages who would be very suspicious of his new role.
One possible plot could be that Naruto and Gohan start training together. Naruto is amazed by Gohan's Saiyan power and Gohan is intrigued by Naruto's ninja skills. They exchange techniques, like Naruto showing Gohan how to use shadow clones for training efficiency and Gohan teaching Naruto how to sense and control his ki. Eventually, they team up to face a common enemy that threatens both their worlds.