Maybe in this fanfiction, Naruto discovers some dark secrets about the Hidden Leaf Village, like the true nature of the Hokage's decisions that have been made at his expense. This betrayal could drive him insane. He might then break away from the village, team up with former enemies, and start a new kind of revolution in the ninja world, with his new, more chaotic ideology.
One possible plot could be that Naruto is constantly ostracized by the villagers even after all he has done for them. The years of being treated as an outcast and having his good intentions misconstrued finally push him over the edge. He starts to see the villagers as the real enemy and decides to use his power not for their protection but to make them feel the pain he has endured.
Maybe it could be due to the loss of his friends. For example, if Sasuke died in a battle and Naruto couldn't save him, the grief might push him over the edge and into insanity.
One possible plot could be that Naruto is pushed over the edge by the constant betrayal he faces. For example, if the village he has always protected turns against him due to false accusations of being a threat. He might start using his powers in a more erratic and dangerous way, not caring about the consequences. This could lead to a showdown between him and his former friends who now see him as a menace.
One possibility could be that after facing too many dark magic encounters, Harry's mind starts to break. Maybe the constant threat from Voldemort and the losses he endures, like the death of his friends, push him over the edge. He could start to have hallucinations and lose his ability to distinguish between reality and dark magic-induced illusions.
In some cases, it could be a new and powerful enemy. This enemy might have the ability to manipulate chakra in a way that affects Naruto's mind. For example, they could send out waves of negative chakra that slowly erode Naruto's mental state. Over time, these attacks make Naruto go insane as he struggles to fight against this unseen and insidious force.
In the 'naruto goes on a rampage fanfiction', it could be that Naruto is under some sort of dark magic or mind - control. This makes him lose his usual self - control and go on a rampage. He could start attacking both enemies and allies without realizing it until someone finds a way to break the spell on him.
The main antagonist could be Naruto himself in a sense. Since he has gone insane, his actions are now unpredictable and harmful to the people around him. His former friends, like Sakura or Kakashi, might have to step up and try to stop him, seeing him as the new threat.
It could also be due to personal relationships. Perhaps some of his closest friends get caught up in their own lives. Like Sasuke might be on a long - term mission and not be there for Naruto, and Sakura might be too busy with her medical studies. So Naruto, who is used to having a support system, suddenly feels alone and neglected.
One possible plotline could be that Naruto is pushed to the brink during a fight against a powerful and sadistic enemy. Maybe this enemy has been targeting his friends one by one, causing Naruto to gradually lose his sanity as he tries to protect them. He might start using extremely violent and uncharacteristic jutsu, taking risks that he normally wouldn't. Another plotline could be that Naruto is under the influence of a dark genjutsu during a fight. This genjutsu twists his perception of reality, making him believe that his friends are actually enemies, and he goes insane trying to fight them off.
The Akatsuki as a whole could be the opponents. Imagine Naruto facing multiple Akatsuki members at once in a fight. The combined threat of their different powers and their goals of capturing the tailed beasts could be overwhelming for Naruto. They might use underhanded tactics, like threatening to kill captives or using mind - control techniques on Naruto's friends. All of these things could make Naruto go insane as he battles against them, trying to protect what he loves.
One possible plotline could be Percy having a series of traumatic experiences that gradually drive him insane. Maybe he loses his friends one by one in tragic ways, and the cumulative grief and guilt push him over the edge. Another could be that he is exposed to some dark magic that slowly corrupts his mind, making him lose his grip on reality.