One possible reason could be that in this fanfiction, the author might have decided to rewrite the magic system in a way that nullifies Voldemort's powers. For example, if new magic rules are introduced that counter his dark magic specifically. Another reason could be that the fanfiction focuses on Voldemort's psychological weaknesses. Maybe he has some hidden traumas or insecurities that are exploited, making him seem weak. It could also be that the writer wants to show the power of friendship and love in a different light, and by making Voldemort weak, emphasizes how these positive forces can overcome even the most feared dark wizard.
Perhaps in this fanfic, there has been some major plot twist that makes Harry believe that bowing to Voldemort is the only way to save his friends or the wizarding world. For example, Voldemort may have threatened to kill all of Harry's loved ones if he doesn't submit, and Harry is sacrificing his pride for the greater good.
Perhaps Harry discovers some dark secret about his own past or powers that he thinks only Voldemort can help him understand. For example, if he finds out that his connection to Voldemort is more complex than he thought and that Voldemort holds the key to unlocking or controlling certain aspects of his own magic.
One reason could be a desire for revenge. Maybe in the fanfiction, Voldemort has done something even more heinous to Harry's family or friends, driving Harry to take extreme measures.
Perhaps Harry has a plan to outwit Voldemort in the long run. By seeking help, he can get closer to Voldemort, understand his weaknesses better, and then use that knowledge against him. It's a risky but potentially effective strategy, like a spy infiltrating the enemy's camp.
It could be that Harry has lost all trust in the Order of the Phoenix or Dumbledore for some reason. He might think that Voldemort, being the most powerful dark wizard, has the means to protect him from whatever threats he is facing. Also, there could be some false information that leads Harry to believe that Voldemort has a change of heart and can be trusted to protect him.
Perhaps Voldemort discovers that there is a greater threat out there. In the fanfic, it could be that another dark force is emerging, and Voldemort sees Harry as an ally of sorts against this new threat. So, he decides to protect Harry in order to deal with this common enemy.
Another plot could involve Voldemort's memory loss causing a power vacuum in the Death Eater ranks. His followers might start to fight among themselves to take over his position. Meanwhile, Voldemort, now named something else perhaps, could be living a simple life in a small wizarding village. He might start to show magical abilities that are different from his previous dark magic, like a natural affinity for healing spells. Harry and his friends would then have to decide whether to expose him or protect him from those who might want to use him for their own evil purposes.
One possible reason could be the overwhelming burden of his destiny. Constantly facing dark forces and the pressure of saving the wizarding world might have worn him down. Another reason could be the loss of his loved ones. For example, if in the fanfiction Hermione or Ron were killed, that could shatter his spirit.
In some fanfiction, Harry might renounce his name to explore a new identity. He has been through so much as Harry Potter, and by giving up his name, he can break free from the predefined roles and destinies associated with it. He could then embark on a journey of self - discovery, free from the constraints of the name that has both defined and haunted him.
One possible reason could be that in the fanfiction, Harry might have discovered some dark secrets about his parents that made him feel betrayed. For example, if he found out they had some hidden and unethical magical experiments in their past.