There are several factors. First, the isolation of the room. It's just one room, and the character is cut off from the outside world. Second, the psychological aspect. The main character's mind is constantly being toyed with. The room makes him question his own sanity. Third, the ever - changing nature of the horror. It's not a static situation but a constantly evolving nightmare that keeps the reader on edge throughout the story.
The idea of being trapped in a small room with an inescapable horror. You can't just run away easily.
For his scariest novels like 'It', the ability to tap into universal fears is key. Fear of the unknown, fear of something lurking in the shadows. Pennywise represents that unknowable evil that can be anywhere. Also, the detailed descriptions of the town and the sewers where It hides make it seem more real and thus scarier.
The way it plays on common fears. The shape - shifting Pennywise can take on many forms that are disturbing, like a creepy clown. It preys on children, which is a very vulnerable group, and the idea of a hidden evil in a small town is also quite scary.
For his scariest novels like 'It', the fear of the unknown is a big factor. We don't fully understand the true nature of It. Also, the vulnerability of the children characters makes it scarier as we naturally want to protect the young. And the fact that It can be anywhere, hidden in the sewers or disguised as something friendly, is truly terrifying.
In 'The Shining', the setting plays a huge role. The large, empty, and haunted hotel. The long corridors and the feeling that something is always watching. Also, Jack's transformation from a normal father and husband to a crazed killer adds to the horror. It shows how isolation and the power of the hotel's evil can break a person.
The unknown nature of the threat in the water. It's just a black, shapeless thing that attacks them. You don't really know what it is, and that's really scary.
Stephen King is a master at creating psychological horror. In novels like 'Misery', he gets into the minds of his characters and the reader. The sense of helplessness and the slow build - up of tension are what make his books so terrifying. He also doesn't shy away from the dark and disturbing aspects of human nature, which adds to the horror. For instance, in 'Carrie', the bullying and the resulting revenge are both very dark elements. He also has a great ability to create monsters that are both physical and symbolic, like Pennywise in 'It', which represents the fears of childhood and beyond.
For novels like 'Salem's Lot', it's the transformation of a normal town into a place full of vampires. The slow takeover, the people you know turning into blood - sucking creatures, and the feeling of being trapped in a place where evil is spreading. Also, King's vivid descriptions make it seem so real, as if it could be your own town that gets infected.
In Stephen King's '1408', several things make it so scary. First, the setting of the haunted room 1408 itself is very eerie. The idea that a normal - looking hotel room can be filled with such malevolent forces is frightening. Also, the psychological aspect plays a big role. As the protagonist experiences the terrors, his mental state deteriorates, and we as readers are drawn into his growing insanity. Moreover, the things that happen in the room, like the changing environment and the appearance of strange entities, all contribute to the overall sense of terror.
The vivid descriptions. For example, in 'It', the way he describes Pennywise's appearance and the sewers where it lurks is really creepy.
It's a combination of things. First, rats are often associated with dirt and disease, so just the idea of them is off - putting. In the 'Rats Story', Stephen King also makes them very aggressive. They don't just scurry away; they actively hunt people. And the way he describes their appearance, their beady eyes and sharp teeth, really adds to the terror. Also, the fact that they can be everywhere, in the walls, under the floors, makes it seem like there's no escape from them.