It could be the Death Eaters who see Harry's new - found mastery of darkness as a threat to their own power and ideology. They might try to either recruit him or destroy him. Voldemort himself could be an antagonist, feeling that Harry is encroaching on his territory as the most powerful dark wizard.
There could be an ancient dark wizard or a powerful dark entity that has been awakened by Harry's exploration of the dark arts. This entity might want to use Harry for its own evil purposes or simply destroy him because he represents a potential rival in the world of darkness. The Ministry of Magic could also be an antagonist if they see Harry's dabbling in the dark arts as a danger and try to arrest or contain him.
There could be a powerful dark entity that has been awakened by Harry Potter's newfound mastery of fire and darkness. This entity could be an ancient evil that was once sealed away and now wants to use Harry for its own dark purposes or simply destroy him as he is a potential obstacle.
Obviously, Voldemort could still be the main antagonist. He would be intrigued and threatened by Harry's new power, the lightsaber. Also, some Death Eaters might team up with dark wizards from other lands who are also after the power of the lightsaber.
The Ministry of Magic could be antagonists. If they start to oppress those with different views, including Harry, it could drive him towards darkness. Their corrupt and unjust actions might make Harry think that the only way to fight back is by using dark magic.
The Ministry of Magic could also be antagonists. They are often very strict about magic use and might not approve of Harry's exploration of wandless magic. They could try to stop him, fearing that it would disrupt the established order of magic that is mostly wand - based. The Ministry officials might see Harry as a troublemaker and try to put him under surveillance or even arrest him if they think he's getting too powerful in wandless magic.
One possible antagonist could be a corrupt wizard in a high - ranking position in the Ministry of Magic's financial department. This wizard might be trying to cover up his misdeeds and would see Harry as a threat to his scheme.
Scarecrow could also be a main antagonist. His fear - inducing toxins could be a real problem for Harry. Harry would have to use his magic to counter the effects of the fear toxin and also figure out a way to stop Scarecrow from spreading it all over Gotham.
The plot might center around Harry being the master of darkness as a way to subvert the prophecy. Instead of being the 'Chosen One' in the typical light - against - dark way, he uses the knowledge of the dark arts to understand and outwit Voldemort. He could be learning long - forgotten spells from the darkest corners of Hogwarts library and using them to his advantage.
Voldemort or his remaining Death Eaters could still be the main antagonists. They might try to take advantage of Harry's Two - Face situation. For example, they could try to manipulate his 'bad' side to turn against his friends and the wizarding world.
In this fanfiction, there might be a group of wizards who oppose the idea of mixing magic with the skills taught by Hephaestus. They could be the antagonists as they try to prevent Harry from using his new - found skills. They might believe that this new form of magic is dangerous or against the traditional ways of the wizarding world. They could form an organization to oppose Harry and try to disrupt his training and any plans he has to use his skills for good.
Perhaps some traditionalist wizards in the Ministry of Magic. They might view Harry's training by snakes as a form of dark magic practice, even if it's not. So they become the antagonists, trying to arrest Harry or stop his training in some way.