Main character. A story usually revolves around the main character. This could be a person, an animal, or even an inanimate object in some cases. In 'The Little Prince', the little prince is the main character. He is the focus of the story, and all the events and interactions are related to him in some way.
Well, 'narrative' is another word for story. It's often used to describe a sequence of events or a tale.
A synonym for 'back story' could be 'background'.
A long tale. For example, when we talk about a very detailed and extended account of something, we can use 'tale' instead of'story' and 'long tale' to mean a long story.
Headline. A headline is often used to refer to the main or top story in a newspaper, magazine, or news website.
Tale. It is a very common word used instead of short story. Tales often have a simple plot and are usually passed down through generations orally or in written form.
Resolution. This word implies the solution or outcome of the various conflicts and situations presented throughout the story. It's like when all the problems and mysteries in the story are finally dealt with, and we reach the end. For example, in a detective story, the resolution is when the detective reveals who the criminal is and how the crime was committed.