A new character could be introduced. Maybe an old wizard who has been living in isolation for years and has a completely different view of magic compared to Hogwarts. This wizard could take Harry under his wing and teach him things like ancient spells and forgotten magical arts that are not taught at Hogwarts.
Ron could also be important. He might be torn between his loyalty to Hogwarts and his friendship with Harry. Eventually, he could choose to leave Hogwarts to be with Harry, bringing his Weasley family charm and his own brand of magic to the group. The Weasley twins might also get involved, providing some much - needed humor and their unique magical inventions.
The main antagonists could be those who don't want Harry to receive a proper Hogwarts education. Maybe some dark wizards who fear that Harry will become too powerful if he goes through the Hogwarts training. So, they plot to keep him away from Hogwarts.
Viktor Krum could be a major character. Since he is from Durmstrang, he might play a role like a mentor or a rival to Harry. Another character could be the headmaster of Durmstrang. He would be important as he sets the rules and tone for the school.
There could be a French wizard named Pierre who becomes Harry's friend and helps him adjust to the new school.
The Dumbledore character could still be important. He might be secretly watching over Harry, guiding him from a distance. Another character could be a new wizard or witch that Harry meets in the Muggle world who has a special mission related to Harry. For example, a young witch who has been exiled from the wizarding world but has the knowledge to help Harry understand his powers. And of course, Voldemort would still be a main antagonist as his threat looms over the entire wizarding world whether Harry is at Hogwarts or not.
Ron could also be in it. He might initially not believe that Harry is hiding his intelligence, but as the story progresses, he could start to notice little things that Harry does which show his real intelligence. Ron's loyalty to Harry would then play a role in how he reacts to this discovery, either helping Harry keep it a secret or getting frustrated with Harry for not sharing his intelligence more freely.
Hermione would probably be one of the main characters. As Harry's friend, she could be a teacher at Hogwarts, perhaps the new Transfiguration teacher. She would offer her intelligence and knowledge to support Harry in running the school.
Obviously, Harry would be one of the main characters. He is the central figure in the Hogwarts world. Hermione and Ron could also play significant roles as they are Harry's closest friends and are often involved in his adventures.
One possible plotline could be that Harry discovers a hidden magical world outside of Hogwarts. Maybe he stumbles upon a group of rogue wizards who teach him their own brand of magic, away from the traditional Hogwarts curriculum.
Obviously, the muggle actress, his late wife. Her friends from the acting world could also be important characters. They might come to check on Harry and the kids, if they had any, and share stories about her time in the acting business.
One possible main character other than Harry could be a local journalist named Ben. Ben might be intrigued by Harry's story and decide to write an article about him. Also, there could be a Canadian mountie, Officer Davis, who initially is suspicious of Harry but later becomes his ally as he learns more about Harry's situation.