The use of the senses can be very effective. For instance, the creaky stairs in the old mansion or the cold hand on the man's neck. These sensory details make the reader or listener feel like they are there, experiencing the horror. Also, the sense of impending doom, like when the hiker knew he was lost and then started to hear the howl, builds up the fear until the final, often unseen, death.
The suddenness also plays a role. Like the hiker who was suddenly faced with a shadowy figure after just tripping. There's no time to prepare, and that quick shift from normal to deadly is scary. Another element could be the isolation. The girl in the abandoned house was all alone, cut off from help, which makes her situation more terrifying as there's no one to save her when she's in danger.
The unknown. In true scary short stories, often things are not fully explained. For example, in the story of the couple in the old house, we don't know what was in the attic with the glowing eyes. It leaves our imagination to run wild and that's scary.
The use of atmosphere is crucial. A dark, isolated setting like an abandoned asylum or a fog - covered forest can immediately create a sense of dread. In short stories, the writer can quickly set this mood, for instance, by describing how the moonlight barely penetrates the thick trees in a forest where a character is lost. Also, the idea of being alone and helpless in the face of a possible threat is terrifying. If a character is trapped in a haunted house with no way out, it amps up the fear factor.
The atmosphere is crucial. In short scary ghost stories, details about a dark and gloomy setting, like a haunted mansion with creaking floors and dimly lit corridors, build up the fear. Also, the idea of something that defies the natural order, like a ghost that can pass through walls or appear out of thin air. This supernatural element, along with a feeling of being watched, makes the stories so terrifying. For instance, a story where a person feels eyes on them in an old attic, but when they turn around, there's nothing there at first, and then a ghostly face slowly materializes.
The element of the unknown is a big factor. In true short scary stories, like the ones about strange noises in a house, not knowing what's making the noise creates fear. It could be anything, and our minds tend to imagine the worst.
The setting also plays a crucial role. A dark, isolated place like an old abandoned house or a lonely forest path can immediately create a sense of dread. It's the kind of place where you feel cut off from the world and help is far away. For instance, in stories set in old asylums, the long, echoing hallways add to the spookiness.
The unknown is a big factor. For example, in stories where there are unexplained noises or figures. You don't know what they are or what they might do, and that scares you. It plays on our natural fear of the unknown.
The unknown. In scary flash stories, things that are not clearly defined or understood create fear. For example, a strange noise in the dark. You don't know what's making it, and that scares you.
Isolation also plays a role. In many scary stories, the characters are alone, like in an abandoned building or a desolate forest. There's no one to turn to for help, which makes the situation seem more dire. Also, the use of the supernatural, such as ghosts or curses, adds to the terror because it goes beyond our normal understanding of the world. Another element is the sense of impending doom. The feeling that something bad is about to happen and there's no way to stop it.
The unknown. In full scary stories, not knowing what's going to happen next or what that strange noise is really creates fear. For example, in a story about a haunted house, the creaking floorboards could be just old wood, but the idea that it might be something supernatural is scary.
The unfamiliarity of the past periods is a big factor. For example, in stories set in medieval times, the different beliefs, superstitions, and the harsh living conditions create an atmosphere of fear. People didn't have the modern knowledge we have now, and things like diseases were often blamed on the supernatural.