It could be a powerful dark wizard who has a grudge against the goblins and wants to destroy Gringotts. This wizard might have been wronged by the goblins in the past, and now he's seeking revenge by trying to bring down the bank. He could be using his own army of dark creatures to attack Gringotts.
Perhaps a new and unknown dark force emerges in the wizarding world. They see Gringotts as a symbol of the old wizarding order and want to disrupt it. They could be a cult of sorts that believes in a different form of magic and wants to steal the secrets of Gringotts to use for their own ends. This group would be the main antagonists as they directly oppose Harry's efforts to defend the bank.
The goblin elders who oppose Harry's new - found ownership could be the main antagonists. They might be worried about losing their power and influence within Gringotts to a human, especially one as famous as Harry Potter.
In this fanfiction, perhaps Voldemort is after some powerful magical artifacts stored in Gringotts. Harry, being the hero, steps in. He might have to face various challenges like dark magic traps and dangerous creatures inside the bank while trying to keep it safe. He could also form an alliance with the goblins, who are initially skeptical of him, but then see his determination to protect their precious bank.
Voldemort or his Death Eaters could be antagonists. They might want to raid Gringotts to get powerful magical artifacts or gold to fund their dark deeds. Another option could be a group of corrupt wizards within the Ministry of Magic who see Gringotts as a source of wealth and power that they can control. They could try to undermine the Head Goblin and Harry Potter if they stand in their way.
Some of the pure - blood supremacist families might be antagonists. They might see Sirius as a threat to their status quo and want him to remain in prison. They could use their influence within the wizarding society and the court to oppose Harry's efforts to defend Sirius. Also, there could be some Death Eaters who are still at large and they don't want Sirius to be free because he was once a strong opponent of Voldemort and his followers.
Often, the goblins can be antagonists. If they have their own motives that conflict with Harry and Hermione's, like protecting a dark secret in the vaults or trying to take advantage of the situation for their own gain. Another possible antagonist could be a Death Eater who has infiltrated Gringotts to either steal something important or to ambush Harry and Hermione.
It could be a young goblin who has just started working at Gringotts. He's full of enthusiasm but also a bit naive. Through his eyes, we can see the inner workings of the bank, the different vaults, and the various magical items stored there. Another option could be an older wizard who has a long - standing debt with Gringotts and is trying to find a way to pay it off without sacrificing his most precious magical possessions. Or perhaps a young witch who is an expert in ancient runes and is called in by Gringotts to help decipher some mysterious inscriptions found in one of the oldest vaults.
It could be some of the pure - blood wizard families who have always looked down on goblins and consider them as inferior beings. They might oppose Harry's attempts to defend the goblin because it goes against their traditional views of the wizard - goblin hierarchy.
The goblins themselves could be the main antagonists. They are in charge of Gringotts and if they are greedy and corrupt, they would oppose any attempts by Harry to expose their wrongdoings that could lead to the bank's bankruptcy. They might try to stop Harry by using their magical skills and the defenses of the bank.
The main character could be a young Gringotts trainee who has always been overlooked but has a hidden talent for magic related to the vaults. Maybe they can sense the magical auras of different vaults and their contents, which is a rare ability. This character gets chosen as the champion unexpectedly and has to rise to the challenges that come their way, learning about their own power and the secrets of Gringotts along the way.
The Thalmor could be great antagonists. Their strict control over magic and their anti - human beliefs could put them at odds with Harry. They might see his different form of magic as a threat to their power in Skyrim.