How is protein synthesis made?

Imagine you are in a land where protein synthesis happens. DNA is the king, sitting on his throne (the nucleus) and giving orders. He writes down his orders on mRNA, which runs out to the ribosome kingdom. The ribosomes are excited to start building. They wait for tRNA to bring in the amino acids, which are like precious jewels. Each tRNA has a special key (anticodon) that matches the mRNA code. When they match up, the amino acids are added one by one. As more and more amino acids are added, a long chain is formed, and this chain folds up to become a protein. This protein can be a hero in our body, fighting diseases or helping us grow strong.

You can tell children that protein synthesis is like cooking a special meal. DNA has all the recipes (genes). mRNA is like a little chef who copies down the recipe from the big cookbook (DNA). The ribosome is the stove where the cooking happens. tRNA brings in the ingredients (amino acids). Just as you follow a recipe to make a delicious dish, the cell follows the mRNA recipe to make a protein.

Sure! Protein synthesis is a complex process that starts with DNA providing the instructions. RNA molecules then carry these instructions to ribosomes, where proteins are assembled.

First, you need to determine the amino acid composition of the protein. Then, use techniques like mass spectrometry or Edman degradation to identify the sequence. It's not an easy task though!

Well, one way is through its structure. Analyzing the protein's three-dimensional shape can give valuable insights.

A novel protein is basically a protein that's newly discovered or one that has unique characteristics or functions that haven't been previously identified.

You can start by looking at its structure and comparing it to known proteins with similar structures. That might give you some clues about its function.

You need to use specific laboratory techniques and equipment. Usually, it involves processes like chromatography and centrifugation.

Well, you could check for unusual biochemical properties or interactions. If a protein behaves differently in various tests and doesn't match the characteristics of known proteins, it could be potentially novel. Another approach is to analyze its evolutionary relationships; if it seems to have emerged independently, that might indicate it's new.

The novel genetic system to detect protein-protein interactions is like a sophisticated detective. It uses specialized genetic components and precise measurement methods. It works by carefully tracking and analyzing the behavior of proteins, allowing scientists to understand their interactions in a much deeper way. It's a game-changer for research in this area.