How to build tension effectively in a novel?

You can start by creating a sense of uncertainty. Make readers wonder what's going to happen next. Also, build up to important events slowly to increase anticipation.

Tension can be built by introducing unexpected twists and turns. Maybe a trusted ally betrays the protagonist or a seemingly easy solution turns out to be a trap. Additionally, ratcheting up the stakes for the characters makes the story more tense.

One way is to introduce time pressure or deadlines for the characters. When they have to act quickly, it naturally creates tension.

One way is to create a sense of time pressure. Make the characters have a limited amount of time to achieve their goal.

Build tension through setting. A dark, spooky forest or an abandoned, dilapidated house can create an atmosphere of unease. If your characters are in such a setting, the tension will be palpable. You can also use pacing. Slow down the narrative when something crucial is about to happen, like a character making a life - changing decision. This draws out the moment and increases the tension.

You can build romantic tension by having characters have intense emotional moments but then pull back or hesitate. Also, introducing a potential rival for one of the characters' affections can add to the tension. Subtle hints and looks exchanged between the characters can build anticipation too.

One way to build tension is through the use of pacing. Don't rush the scares. Let the reader sit in the unease for a while. You can also use the power of suggestion. Instead of showing the horror outright, hint at it. For instance, describe a shadow that seems to have a life of its own, but don't immediately show what it is. This makes the reader's imagination run wild, which is often scarier than actually seeing the horror. And make the characters' decisions matter. If they make a wrong choice, it should lead to more danger and more tension.

One way is to use slow pacing and build up suspense gradually. Let the reader or viewer wonder what's coming next.

Create conflicts among the characters. Have them face difficult choices and high stakes. Also, introduce time pressure or limited resources to increase the tension.

By using cliffhangers at the end of chapters. For instance, just when the main character is about to discover a crucial clue, end the page with something like 'She reached out her hand, her heart pounding, not knowing what she would find.' This makes the reader eager to turn the page.