What are the names of the official seals of the Warring States Period

The seals of the Warring States Period had various shapes, materials, and the arrangement of the seals. In terms of shape, the seals of the Warring States Period were varied, including square, round, rectangular, oval, triangular, and other shapes. Among them, most of them were square, accounting for more than 80% of the total. In terms of materials, the seal of the Warring States Period used a variety of materials, including metal, jade, clay, and so on. Among them, copper was the main material, accounting for more than 90% of the total. In terms of the arrangement of the seals, the Warring States seals focused on the structure of a single character, and the overall standard was not as good as that of the Han Dynasty. The printing surface widely used the frame, the frame was wide and matched with the thin raised text, while the intaglionic text added more double columns. There were official seals, private seals, auspicious seals, and Xiao seals. The official seal was the token of the imperial court, while the private seal was mainly used for names and seals. The auspicious seal reflected the beautiful demands of the ancients to pray for blessings. The Xiao seal was mostly engraved with patterns of birds, beasts, dragons and phoenixes. The seal of the Warring States Period had exquisite craftsmanship and various artistic expressions. It had a pure, natural, and unrestrained expression. In general, the seals of the Warring States showed their variety and regional characteristics in terms of shape, material, and arrangement of seals.

The price range of the private seal of the Warring States Period. According to the document [2], an ordinary official seal of the Qin and Han Dynasties would cost about 40,000 to 50,000 yuan, while a high-grade jade seal of the Marquis Guiniu of the Warring States Period would cost more than a million yuan. It was mentioned in the document [3] that in 2000 - 2001, the general nose button Qin and Han seals were around 300 - 400 yuan, and the ancient seals of the Warring States Period and other button seals were slightly more expensive. Based on this information, it could be inferred that the price of the private seal of the Warring States Period should be between a few hundred yuan and a million yuan.

The search results did not provide any specific information about the seal of the Warring States Period. Therefore, the pictures of the complete collection of seals of the Warring States Period could not be provided.

During the Warring States Period and the Qin and Han Dynasties, official seals were the main seal. According to historical records, after Qin Shihuang unified China, there was a clear difference between the official seal and the official seal of the Warring States Period. The emperor called it the seal alone, and the seals used by other officials were generally called "seal" or "chapter". Since then, the seal had become a symbol of power. There was a strict hierarchy for wearing seals, especially official seals. The size, texture, ribbon, and color of the seal were determined by the size of the official position and the amount of salary. Thus, it could be said that the royal seals of the Warring States Period and the Qin and Han Dynasties were mainly official seals.

The seals of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period had the following characteristics: various styles, the arrangement of the seals was scattered and bright, there were rules to follow in the strangeness, the format was rich and colorful, and the casting and chiseling techniques were exquisite. The makers of ancient seals were influenced by the thoughts of a hundred schools of thought. They had a lot of freedom and innovation, and the variety of styles was far from what later generations could compare with. Most of the ancient seals were in their original state, without any rules or regulations. The characters were rarely decorated, and innocence was naturally the distinctive feature of the ancient seal. The usage of the ancient seals of the Warring States Period was extensive and varied. The ancient seals of the Warring States Period were divided into official seals, private seals, auspicious seals and Xiao seals. The official seal was the token of the imperial court and the evidence for officials to exercise their authority. Private Seals were mainly used for name seals and personal seals. The appearance of the auspicious seal reflected the beautiful appeal and pursuit of the ancients. Most of the seals were engraved with various totem patterns such as birds, beasts, dragons, and phoenixes. It was speculated that they were used to seal them. In general, the seals of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period presented a variety of styles and forms, reflecting the pluralistic society and the free development of aesthetic concepts at that time.

The seal of the Warring States Period was engraved with the ancient language of the Warring States Period, using the Yin and Yang methods. The structure of the seal was compact, the strokes were round and varied, and the layout of the seal was well-arranged, harmonious and natural. The seals of the Warring States Period used a wide frame, which was often matched with the thin raised characters, while the engraved characters were often added with a column. The seal of the Warring States Period was neat and compact, eye-catching, and overall not as neat as the Han Dynasty. During the Warring States Period, although there were differences in the seals of various countries, they were all mature, and there was no specific seal or artistic variation.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the names of the monarchs were as follows: 1 Qi State: Duke Huan of Qi 2 Chu: King Zhuang of Chu 3 Qin State: Duke Mu of Qin 4 Yan Country: King Zhao of Yan 5 Zhao: Zhao Wuling King 6 Wei: King Hui of Wei Korea: Han Feizi 8 Lu: Confucius 9 Qi State: Yan Zi 10 Chu: Qu Yuan Qin State: Shang Yang 12 Wei: Xun Zi 13 Zhao: Lian Po Chu Country: Wu Qi Qi State: Sun Wu Country of Yan: Yue Yi State of Lu: Mozi Qin State: Li Si Wei State: Pang Juan Zhao State: Pang Juan Chu State: Sun Sun Shu 'ao Qi State: Lord Mengchang Yan Country: Tian Dan Qin State: Qin Shihuang Wei: Marquis Wen of Wei Zhao Guo: Zhao Kuo Chu State: King Zhao Qi State: Duke Huan of Qi Qin State: King Wen of Zhou 30 Wei State: King Wen of Zhou's Son, King Wu of Zhou 31 Zhao State: King Mu of Zhou, Son of King Wu of Zhou Chu State: King You of Zhou, the younger brother of King Mu of Zhou 33 Qi State: King Ping of Zhou, Son of King You of Zhou The State of Yan: King Zhao of Zhou, Son of King Ping of Zhou Qin State: Duke Mu of Qin, Son of King Zhao of Zhou 36 Wei: The son of King Zhao of Zhou, Marquis Wu of Wei Zhao State: Zhao Wenzi, Son of King Zhao of Zhou 38 Chu State: King Huai of Zhou, Son of King Zhao of Zhou 39 Qi State: Duke Huan of Qi, Son of King Huai of Zhou Yan Kingdom: King Zhao of Yan, Son of King Huai of Zhou

During the Spring and Autumn Warring States Period, the names of countries were not fixed but changed with the development of history. During the Spring and Autumn Period, many vassal states were named based on their geographical location or cultural traditions, such as Qi, Chu, Jin, Song, etc. However, during the Warring States Period, with the aggravation of wars and political struggles, the meaning and role of the country's name became more and more important, so many countries 'country names changed or were replaced by other names. For example, during the Warring States Period, the State of Yan was destroyed by the State of Zhao, and the name of the State of Zhao was changed to Zhao.

There were many types and styles of seals in the Warring States Period. Some information about the seal of the Warring States Period. Seals from the Warring States Period were called seals, and they first appeared during the Warring States Period. Seals from the Warring States Period were mostly engraved with the characters of various countries, and most people could not recognize these characters now. The style and culture of the seal of the Warring States period varied from region to region. For example, the Qin seal had spirituality in its order, the seal of the Three Jin Dynasty had no lack of scale in its elegance, and the seal of the Chu Dynasty was full of romance in its craftiness. The types of seals of the Warring States Period included official seals and private seals, red and white inscriptions, casting and chiseling, metal and crystal jade, etc. The seal of the Warring States Period contained the name of the official position, auspicious words, and animal patterns. The style and craftsmanship of the seal of the Warring States Period were very exquisite. It was an important heritage of ancient Chinese culture. However, the search results did not provide any detailed information about the seals of the Warring States Period.

Northern Qi was not the Warring States Period. Northern Qi was one of the Northern Dynasties of China during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. It was established in 550 and ended in 577. The Warring States Period was between 475 and 221 B.C., which was different from the Northern Qi Dynasty. Thus, Northern Qi did not belong to the Warring States Period.