The war between the Xia Dynasty and the Dongyi people

The Shang Dynasty originated from a branch of the Dongyi clan. They thought they were the descendants of the Xuanniao clan. The people of Yinshang and Dongyi had similar totem beliefs, which were closely related to birds. Dongyi culture was one of the important sources of Chinese civilization. It originated from the Zhongshan Area and the Yishu River basin in Shandong Province. The Dongyi culture had gone through different stages of development since the Neolith Age, including the worship of bird totems, the development of craftsmanship and architectural techniques, the emergence of ritual systems, and the formation of early countries. The people of Yinshang and Dongyi were troubled by floods and often moved their capital cities, which contributed to their martial spirit. Scholars had different opinions on whether the Shang Dynasty was Dongyi or Huaxia. During the Shang Dynasty, the debate between the Chinese and the barbarians had not yet formed, and the pre-Shang Dynasty was mainly distributed in Hebei, but it was influenced by the Yueshi culture of Dongyi. Generally speaking, the culture and beliefs of the people of Yinshang and Dongyi were somewhat similar.

The people of Henan belong to the people of Dongyi. Both document 1 and document 2 mentioned the relationship between Henan people and Dongyi people, pointing out that Henan people were most similar to Dongyi's old friends in Shandong, northern Anhui, and Huaibei in Jiangsu. In addition, document 4 also mentioned that the "Dongyi" mentioned in the early days mostly referred to the tribes in the eastern part of Henan Province, Shandong Province, and the northwestern part of Jiangsu Province. Therefore, it could be said that Henan people were Dongyi people.

There was no conclusive evidence to support the question of whether the Xia people had seen dinosaurs. Some people believed that the Xia people lived before the dinosaurs went extinct, so it was impossible for them to have seen dinosaurs. However, there were also some descriptions of dragons in ancient literature, such as Yinglong and Qiwen in the Classic of Mountains and Seas. These descriptions might be related to dinosaurs. Although there was no scientific evidence, there were still some historical facts and legends that mentioned the Xia Dynasty as being related to dinosaurs. In general, it was currently impossible to determine whether the Xia people had seen dinosaurs.

There were many theories about the ancestors of the Dongyi people. According to historical records, the ancestors of the Dongyi people could be traced back to Taihao. Taihao was a descendant of Fuxi and was also known as the East Emperor or the Green Emperor. Another theory was that the ancestors of the Dongyi people came from the Caucasians in southern Europe, the Tunguska people in the Siberian jungle, and the mixed-blood descendants of the Pacific Polynesian islanders. Another theory was that the ancestors of Dongyi people might have come from Africa or South Asia. However, these statements did not provide conclusive evidence to determine the origin of Dongyi people's ancestors. Therefore, there was no clear answer about the ancestors of the Dongyi people.

The war between the Xia Dynasty and Dongyi was a war that took place during the Xia Dynasty (about the middle and late 20th century B.C.). In this war, the Xia Imperial Minister led the Youguo Clan army to destroy Dongyi Han Zhuo and his Zhen Guan Clan and Zhen Xun Clan. Houyi, the leader of the Youqiong clan in Dongyi, overthrew the Xiahou clan and was soon usurped by his subordinate, Han Zhuo. Xia Wangxiang's son, Shui, was sealed in the land of Youguo tribe. In order to eliminate future troubles, Han Zhuo ordered Shui to attack Xia Wangxiang. Jiao led Youguo's army to attack Zhen Guan Clan and Diqiu, defeating Zhen Guan's army and conquering Diqiu. Emperor Xia once again fled to the Zhen Xun clan, but Jiao led his army to attack and destroy the Zhen Xun clan, eventually killing Emperor Xia. The wife of the king of Xia, Hou Min, was pregnant and ran back to her mother's house to hide in the escape. She gave birth to her son Shaokang. This war made the Xia Dynasty rich and powerful again.

The relationship between the origin of the Shang Dynasty and the Dongyi tribes was controversial. There was a view that the Shang Dynasty was a branch of the Dongyi tribes. After they came to the Central Plains, they had a conflict with the local Xia tribes and gradually developed a highly developed bronze civilization. However, this view was also questioned. The Shang Dynasty showed hostility and contempt towards Dongyi in historical records, and launched many large-scale conquests against Dongyi. The merchant had never mentioned in the oracle bone inscriptions that his bloodline was related to Dongyi. Later historical records also showed that the kingdoms that occupied the Central Plains were not friendly to Dongyi. Both Shang and Zhou had made suppressing Dongyi the most basic national policy. Therefore, the question of whether the Shang Dynasty originated from the Dongyi tribe was still inconclusive.

The ancestor of Dongyi people was Taihao. Taihao was a descendant of Fuxi, also known as East Emperor or Green Emperor. Taihao lived in 4000 years B.C. and was one of the ancestors of the Dongyi tribe. The descendants of the Dongyi tribes continued to multiply and formed many tribes, including Chiyou and Shaohao, the eldest son of the Yellow Emperor. Shao Hao was sent by the Yellow Emperor to the largest tribe in the Eastern Wasteland, the Fenghong tribe, to train. He married the daughter of the Fenghong tribe and later became the leader of the Fenghong tribe, as well as the leader of the entire Eastern Wasteland. Therefore, it could be said that the ancestor of Dongyi people was Taihao.

There was a debate about whether there were other dynasties before the Xia Dynasty. Some historians believed that there was a dynasty before the Xia Dynasty, the Yu Dynasty. They cited some ancient books and records to support this view. For example,"Left Turn" recorded the existence of the Yu, Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. Han Feizi's Xianxue also mentioned the existence of Yu and Xia dynasties for more than 2000 years. In addition, some scholars pointed out that there was no dynasty before the Xia Dynasty, only the period of tribal alliances. Therefore, there was no definite answer to the question of whether there was a dynasty before the Xia Dynasty.

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It could be seen that there was no clear result from the reconstruction of the Dongyi people's appearance. Although some documents mentioned the features of Dongyi people, such as rectangular faces, long noses, and big eyes, they were all speculations based on the restored human bones in some ancient ruins. They could not represent the general appearance of Dongyi people. Other than that, there were also some search results that mentioned that the Dongyi people's appearance was related to the mixed characteristics of the Huaxia people, the ancient Qiang people, and other ethnic groups. However, due to the limited and inconsistent information in the search results, it was impossible to draw an accurate conclusion. Therefore, there was no definite answer to the reconstruction of the Dongyi people's appearance.