Synaptic mechanism

Synaptic hypersaturation refers to the phenomenon of hypersaturation of the post-Synaptic membrane under the effect of neurotransmitter. Hyperpolar refers to the membrane potential becoming more negative, resulting in a decrease in the excitability of the neurons to stimulation. Specifically, when the suppressive neurotransmitter acts on the post-Synaptic membrane, it will cause the Cl-channel on the post-Synaptic membrane to open, allowing Cl-ions to flow in, thus making the membrane potential more negative and reaching a hyperpolar state. This hyperpolar state would suppress the transmission of nerve impulses, making it less likely for the later neurons to produce nerve impulses. Synaptic hyperoscillations play an important role in the inhibition of neurotransmitter regulation, which is of great significance in regulating the information transmission between neurons and the normal function of neural networks.

The components of the Synapse include the presynaptic membrane, the Synaptic Gap, and the post-Synaptic membrane. The presynaptic membrane was the membrane of the Synaptosome, and the post-Synaptic membrane was the membrane of the post-Synaptic neurons that corresponded to the presynaptic membrane. The desynaptic gap was a narrow gap between the presynaptic membrane and the postsynaptic membrane.

Synaptic efficacy referred to the strength and efficiency of the transmission of the nerve. The increase in the effectiveness of the Synaptic Connection could be achieved through the use of Synaptic Membrane, which was the adjustability of the Synaptic Connection. Synaptic elasticity refers to the characteristics of the strength of the Synaptic Connection that can be changed, including formation, elimination, strengthening, and weakening. The mechanisms of the plasticity-inducing effect include the change in the probability of neurotransmitter release at the presynaptic stage, the change in sensitivity to neurotransmitter at the post-Synaptic stage, and the change in the number and structure of the Synaptic System. The long-term enhancement (LTL) and inhibition (ilt) of the effectiveness of the nerve are two forms of the plastic of the nerve. LTL referred to the process of long-term enhancement of the transmission efficiency of the nerve, while ilt referred to the process of long-term weakening of the transmission efficiency of the nerve. The increase in the effectiveness of the Synapse could be caused by the repeated and continuous stimulation of the presynaptic cells on the post-Synaptic cells. This theory was called Hebb's theory. Hebb's theory was that when the presynaptic neurons were repeatedly stimulated to the post-Synaptic neurons, the efficiency of the transmission would increase. Further research was needed to reveal the specific mechanism of the effect of the nerve.

Synapses were an important structure for transmitting signals between the brain's neurons. Synaptic activity required a large amount of energy to support the function and signal transmission process of the neurons. Synapses consume 20% of the total energy of the human body, and glucose is the main carbon source for the production of ATP. 95% of the ATP-generated in the brain. Synaptic activity requires ATP-driven action potentials, resting potentials, and ion grads. In addition, the circulation of the vesicles and the attachment of the mitochondria to the membrane also required a large amount of energy. The study also found that high-intensity Synaptic Activity would lead to a decrease in presynaptic energy levels and activate the AMPK signaling pathway, thereby increasing the number of mitochondria anchored at the presynaptic level. In short, the metabolism of the energy in the brain was an important process to support the transmission function of the brain.

Synapses were composed of presynaptic, desynaptic, and post-desynaptic parts. The presynaptic was the end of the axon of the previous nerve cell, and the post-Synaptic was the cell body or the twig of the next nerve cell. The gap between two neurons is the gap between the two. The presynaptic part included the vesicle and the presynaptic membrane, while the post-synaptic part included the post-synaptic membrane. The structure and composition of the Synapse was the key part of the signal transmission between the neurons.

There was a certain relationship between the number of Synapses and intelligence. A neuroscientist determines the usage rate of the human brain by measuring the number of Synapses on the brain cells. The higher the number of Synapses, the higher the usage rate of brain cells, and the more developed one's intelligence. Some studies have shown that people with a relatively high level of education have more nerve cells in their brains. In addition, people with high intelligence also had stronger neuromalleability. They would produce more nerve Synapses under the same stimulation, thus increasing their brain capacity. However, the number of Synapses is not the only determining factor of intelligence. Other factors such as the complexity of the Synapses, the number of specific protein on the Synapses, and the structure of the brain may also play an important role in the development of intelligence. In general, there was a certain relationship between the number of Synapses and intelligence, but it was not a decisive factor.

The proficiency mechanism referred to the increase in the proficiency level of the character through performance and completion of specific tasks in the game. Different games had different proficiency mechanisms. For example, League of Legends and Naruto both had proficiency bonus mechanisms. In League of Legends Mobile, players could obtain proficiency and hero points by obtaining an S-rank evaluation, an A-rank evaluation, and victory in the qualifying matches. In Naruto Mobile Games, players needed to accumulate a certain amount of proficiency points to increase their proficiency level. Other games such as Dungeon Fighter Online and Scarlet Scar Night Ritual had a similar proficiency system. Players could increase their proficiency levels by completing missions and clearing dungeons. In general, the proficiency mechanism could help players improve their character's skills and strength. At the same time, it also provided players with rich rewards and advantages.

The mechanism of action of isoniazid was not completely clear, but the following conclusions were made: isoniazid was a synthetic antiseptic that had a specific effect on the bacteria. Its effect may be carried out in a variety of ways, including hindering the synthesis of Phospholiptides and mycolic acid in the cell wall of the M. tubers, causing the bacteria to lose acid resistance and proliferate and die. In addition, isoniazid can also be oxided into isonicotinic acid in the bacteria, interfering with the growth of the bacteria. It could also combine with the NAD glucose protector to affect the synthesis of DNA, and combine with the copper ions required by the fungus to make the bacteria lose its activity and play an antiseptic role. In short, isoniazid has a disinfecting effect on M. tube-like bacteria through a variety of pathways.

The characteristics of the "Uncovering the List" mechanism included the following points: First, the list selection was different from the traditional scientific planning projects. It was based on the actual technical needs of enterprises and the scientific and technological achievements of universities and research institutes. Secondly, open innovation allowed researchers who were previously restricted by regions, professional titles, age, and unit types to have a chance to compete fairly. Third, the funding allocation method and evaluation mechanism had changed from " peer review " to " determining the hero based on success or failure ", from " emphasizing application " to " emphasizing results ". This not only prevented researchers from spending a lot of energy to apply for scientific research projects but not paying attention to the project, but also avoided the knowledge inertia brought by " peer review ". It solved the problem of many scientific and technological achievements lying on paper. In addition, the " Reveal the List of Commanders " also adopted the " horse racing system ", which meant that different scientific research teams would tackle key problems at the same time to improve the success rate of scientific and technological innovation and stimulate the innovative vitality of young talents. In general, the " Reveal the List " mechanism had clear requirements, clear guidance, wide participation, and high efficiency. It was an efficient mechanism to solve difficult problems.

The mechanism of Taiping Courtyard was a mysterious secret, and the details had not been revealed yet. According to the letter Ye Qingmei left Fan Xian, there was a mechanism at the bottom of Taiping Courtyard's lake. Opening the mechanism would allow one to enter a mysterious place. Ye Qingmei only got pregnant with her son several years after leaving the temple. During her pregnancy, she transferred another person's consciousness into her child's body, and the method of transferring should be in that secret door. However, the specific purpose of the mechanism and its internal secrets had yet to be revealed. The Qing Emperor occupied Taiping Courtyard and sent heavy troops to guard it. It was still unclear whether the Qing Emperor knew how to use the mechanism or whether he had already opened the secret door.