Open ditch drainage was a method of lowering water. By setting up open drainage ditches or infiltration channels and collecting wells in the foundation pit, water was pumped out of the foundation pit. The open ditch drainage system was composed of a water collecting well, a water intake, a horizontal brace, a vertical brace, and a drainage ditch. It is suitable for drainage projects where the foundation pit is shallow, the depth of drainage is not large, and there is no quicksand and piping at the bottom of the pit. Open ditch drainage was a commonly used and simple method of rainfall. It was suitable for the drainage of a small amount of underground water, surface water, and rainwater in the trench.
Open ditch drainage and underground ditch drainage were two different drainage methods. Open ditch drainage referred to the digging of open ditches on the surface to guide water to the water outlet. It was suitable for draining accumulated water after heavy rain or for green areas with uneven terrain. Open ditches had the advantage of easy drainage, easy flushing, and anti-blockage, but there might be problems with odors and pests, and it would also make the ground uneven. Underground ditch drainage was used to draw water out by burying pipes or building underground ditches. It was suitable for narrow sites and large underground water. Underground ditches could keep the terrain neat and save land, but the cost was higher. There were differences in drainage methods, cover materials, and functions between open ditches and underground ditches.
Open ditch drainage and underground ditch drainage were two different drainage methods. Open ditch drainage referred to the drainage of water through the excavated open ditch channel. Water could flow directly from various positions in the ditch. The cover was usually a comb, which could pass water. The comb or grill was used to intercept debris. Underground ditch drainage meant that water could not flow in directly. The cover was usually steel plate or concrete. The drainage ditch of the underground ditch was inclined to the water collecting well. When digging, the drainage ditch was first dug, and as it was dug, it deepened to form a underground ditch system connecting the inside and outside of the foundation pit to control the underground water level. Finally, the underground water was pumped away by a pump. Open ditch drainage was suitable for irrigation in areas with water infiltration, and it had a good effect on rainwater drainage. Dark ditch drainage was suitable for the foundation pit drainage of structures with large foundation pit depth, narrow site, and strong underground water.
Open ditch drainage was a commonly used method of drainage. It was suitable for the removal of a small amount of underground water, surface water, and rainwater in the foundation pit. Open ditch drainage is composed of open drainage ditch, water collecting well, water intake, horizontal support, vertical support plate, etc. The conditions for the use of open ditch drainage include geological conditions and aquatic conditions. The geological conditions were suitable for denser soil layers, especially soil layers with a certain degree of cohesion or stickiness, as well as hard clay mixed with sand lenses or thin layers without water supply. The water condition is suitable for the situation where the flow of underground water is small. The construction plan of open ditch drainage included the arrangement of the drainage line, the number and location of the water collecting wells, the excavation of the open ditch and the setting of the water collecting wells. The open ditch drainage method had the advantages of low cost, simple construction, and obvious effect. It was widely used in fields such as farmland, urban roads, and gardens.
Open ditch drainage and underground pipe drainage were two common methods of farmland drainage. Open ditch drainage was a method of digging drainage ditches to form a drainage ditch network. Water would flow from the field ditch network into the water transmission ditch network and finally into the drainage area (river, lake, sea). Underground drainage was a method of burying pipes underground to drain water by removing excess water from the farmland soil and lowering the water level. The underground pipe drainage could be used to filter and seep water by using sand and stone bedding, laying thick plastic pipes and crushed sand. Open ditch drainage was suitable for soil layers with better geological conditions, while underground pipe drainage could effectively control the underground water level, save land, and have a better drainage effect.
Open ditches and drainage ditches were used for drainage, and there were some differences between them. The open ditch was an open drainage facility, usually made of concrete or stone, used to collect and discharge rainwater and sewage. Open ditches were usually located on both sides of the road or around the buildings. They could effectively discharge rainwater and sewage to prevent water from soaking the buildings or roads. The advantage of open ditches was that they were easy to clean and maintain, but the disadvantage was that they were easily blocked by garbage and debris. The drainage ditch was a facility used to discharge rainwater and sewage. It was usually built with concrete or plastic pipes to collect and discharge rainwater and sewage. The advantage of the drainage ditch was that it had a large drainage capacity and high drainage efficiency, but the disadvantage was that it was easy to block and pollute, and it needed to be cleaned and maintained frequently. Generally speaking, open ditches and drainage ditches were both used for drainage, but open ditches were open while drainage ditches were closed.
How to make a drainage ditch in the courtyard? There were several ways to build open drainage ditches in the courtyard. First of all, they could invite a professional engineering team to do the construction. They could make a rainwater pipe in the courtyard. The drainage effect of this pipe was very good. If this pipe could not play a drainage role, he could also make his own drainage ditch to discharge the sewage into the sewer. Secondly, a common method of drainage was to use gravel ditches. In the construction of the courtyard, the side of the back fill can be completed 5 cm higher than the planting soil to prevent the soil from being brought into the open ditch and causing poor drainage. A layer of non-woven fabric or other materials was laid on the base cover to filter the soil and rot leaves to prevent blockage. They needed to clean up the fallen leaves and debris on the gravel in time to reduce the workload of later maintenance. In addition, according to the search results, methods such as depression drainage, underground drainage, and combined drainage were also mentioned. Lowland drainage was a natural drainage method that could concentrate the water in the courtyard and naturally seep into the ground. Underground drainage was a drainage system buried underground to prevent rainwater from eroding the foundation of a building. Combined drainage was the comprehensive use of multiple drainage methods, designed according to the specific situation. In summary, the courtyard's open drainage ditch could be achieved by hiring a professional team to construct it, using gravel open ditches, low-lying land drainage, underground drainage, and combined drainage.
The difference between a hidden ditch and an open ditch lay in their meaning, function, and the vertical slope at the bottom of the ditch. A hidden ditch was a ditch that guided water below the ground. It was mainly used for underground drainage and did not have the function of seeping or collecting water. The open ditch referred to the drainage ditch without a ditch cover outside the outer wall of the house. Its function was to quickly and systematically guide the surface water and rainwater into the sewer to prevent the foundation of the house from being soaked in water and permeating, so as to ensure the stability and durability of the house. In addition, the vertical slope at the bottom of the hidden ditch should be greater than 0.5%, while the slope at the bottom of the open ditch should be about 0.3~0.5%.
The difference between an open drain and an underground drain was the way the water flowed in and the material of the cover. Open ditches meant that water could flow directly into the ditch from various locations. The cover was usually a comb, which could pass water. The comb or grill was used to intercept debris. Underground ditches meant that water could not flow directly into them. The cover was usually made of steel or concrete, and water had to flow into the underground ditches through other means. In addition, open ditches were generally used to quickly and systematically direct surface water and rainwater to the sewers to prevent the foundation of the house from being soaked in water and ensure the stability and durability of the house. The hidden ditch was an underground drainage ditch, which had no function of seeping or collecting water.
Open ditches and underground ditches were two different forms of drainage. The open ditch referred to the drainage ditch without a cover outside the outer wall of the house. It was used to prevent water from soaking and permeating, ensuring the stability and durability of the house. The open ditch could be seen, and water could flow directly into the ditch from various locations. The cover was usually a comb, which could pass water. The comb or grill was used to intercept debris. The underground ditch was a ditch (pipe) that guided the water below the ground. It had no function of seeping or collecting water. The cover of the trench was usually made of steel or concrete, so water could not flow in directly. The shape, depth, width, slope, spacing, and vertical section of open ditches and underground ditches were also different. The open ditch drainage system consists of field drainage ditch network, backbone drainage ditch, drainage structure, drainage hub and drainage area. The underground ditch was an underground drainage ditch, and the bottom of the ditch had to be buried in an impervious layer. In general, there were obvious differences between open ditches and underground ditches in terms of drainage methods, trench shapes, and cover materials.
Same-floor drainage was a drainage method for sanitary appliances. Its characteristic was that the drainage pipe did not need to pass through the floor, but was laid in the same floor and connected to the drainage standpipe. There were two main forms of same-floor drainage: wall-row zero-drop same-floor drainage and slightly-drop same-floor drainage. The wall row zero-drop drainage on the same floor meant that the drainage pipe went along the wall and did not occupy the vertical floor height. The bathroom could maintain the same floor height as other rooms, and the design freedom was higher, and it was beautiful and practical. The same floor drainage with micro-descending plates was a common form in China. It required the installation of dry area floor drain, which could almost achieve zero floor height difference without occupying vertical floor height. The difference between the same floor drainage and the different floor drainage was the layout of the bathroom appliances, the aesthetics of the house, and the drainage noise. The advantages of same-floor drainage were high degree of freedom in layout, beautiful houses, and low drainage noise, but there were also shortcomings such as high construction cost and difficult maintenance. In general, same-floor drainage was a healthier, more convenient, and more beautiful drainage method.